Training in Mechanisms of Parasitism

摘要 寄生机制培训计划是爱荷华州大学24年来一直在进行的计划 连续的年份。该计划联合了致力于不同微生物系统和方法的科学家，但 解决与“寄生”有关的类似问题，即微生物疾病的发病机制。我们的基础 假设原生动物、蠕虫、细菌和病毒病原体在克服这些障碍方面面临相似的障碍。 哺乳动物的抗微生物防御系统，建立它们在宿主中无症状共存的生态位，或领导 到病理状态(即疾病)。我们的前提是一种病原体逃避的机制 在宿主内杀死提供了对其他病原体在其独特的宿主中生存的方式的洞察 利基市场。可以肯定的是，用于研究宿主与不同宿主相互作用的方法是重叠的。有一个 爱荷华大学许多实验室合作研究和培训的悠久历史，以及 特别是在这个寄生计划的成员之间。有了这款新的应用程序，我们可以 扩大了我们的视野，以满足在应用严格的方法方面不断增长的协作专业知识的需求 寄主和病原体基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组、微生物组和 噬菌体，利用对这些海量数据集的分析来生成解决 不同的微生物建立寄生的共同和独特的机制。 这个跨部门、跨学科的项目吸引了8个系和4个系的教职员工。 与四所学院(医学、公共卫生、工程、文科)的家庭开展跨学科课程 爱荷华大学。我们的活动不仅是为了激励和加强我们的学生和 博士后学者，也丰富了不同教职员工之间的协作互动 专业领域。在这份意见书中，我们现在增加了具有新陈代谢学、系统遗传学、 生物信息学和流行病学。我们现有的教职员工已经有了相当的深度 在微生物毒力和宿主先天和获得性免疫反应的机制中。我们的目标是收养，并 默认情况下，让我们的实习生采用更全面的观点来看待东道主、 导致寄生的微生物和环境。我们之前的实习生非常成功；100% 在完成培训的人中，有从事生物医学科学或相关领域工作的人中， 54%的人在大学担任终身教职，39%的人从事工业研究。在此应用程序中，我们 提出一种改进的方法来帮助实习生发展他们的职业生涯。我们已经成功地招募到了 少数族裔候选人并提出进一步加强这一点的手段。总体而言，我们认为这是一个全面的 培训研究生和博士后学者关于寄生的不同方面的计划，并准备 他们在教育、工业科学政策或生物医学研究方面从事富有成效的职业。

ABSTRACT The Mechanisms of Parasitism training program has been an ongoing program at the University of Iowa for 24 sequential years. The program unites scientists working on different microbial systems and methods, but addressing similar questions about “Parasitism”, i.e. the pathogenesis of microbial diseases. Our underlying hypothesis is that protozoal, helminthic, bacterial, and viral pathogens face similar obstacles in overcoming mammalian antimicrobial defenses, establishing a niche in which they coexist asymptomatic in their host, or lead to pathologic conditions (i.e., disease). Our premise is that the mechanisms through which one pathogen evades killing within the host provides insights into means through which other pathogens survive in their unique host niche. Most definitely the methods used to investigate host interactions with different hosts overlap. There is a long history of collaborative research and training among many laboratories at the University of Iowa, and specifically particularly between members of this Parasitism program. With this new application, we have expanded our horizons to meet the growing need for collaborative expertise in applying rigorous approaches to the study of host and pathogen genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, microbiomes, and phageomes, drawing upon analyses of these massive data sets to generate hypotheses that address the common and unique mechanisms through which different microbes establish parasitism. This interdepartmental, interdisciplinary program draws upon faculty members in eight departments and four interdisciplinary programs with homes in four Colleges (Medicine, Public Health, Engineering, Liberal Arts) at the University of Iowa. Our activities are aimed at inspiring and enhancing not only training of our students and postdoctoral scholars, but also enriching the collaborative interactions between faculty members with different areas of expertise. In this submission, we now add faculty with expertise in Metabolomics, Phylogenetics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology to the faculty. Our current faculty members already have considerable depth in mechanisms of microbial virulence and host innate and adaptive immune responses. We aim to adopt, and by default, have our trainees adopt a more comprehensive view of the intricate relationships between host, microbe, and environment that contributed to parasitism. Our prior trainees have been highly successful; 100% of those who are done with training have assumed positions in the biomedical sciences or related fields, with 54% holding tenure track university positions and 39% performing research in industry. In this application we propose an enhanced approach to helping trainees develop their careers. We have been successful at recruiting minority candidates and propose means to enhance that even further. Overall, we view this as a comprehensive program to train graduate students and postdoctoral scholars in diverse aspects of parasitism, and to prepare them for productive careers in education, industry scientific policy or biomedical research.