Training in Mechanisms of Parasitism

摘要 寄生机制培训计划一直是爱荷华州大学的一个持续计划， 连续几年。该计划联合了研究不同微生物系统和方法的科学家， 解决关于“寄生”的类似问题，即微生物疾病的发病机理。我们的基本 一种假说认为，原生动物、蠕虫、细菌和病毒病原体在克服 哺乳动物的抗菌防御，建立一个生态位，在其中它们在宿主中无症状地共存，或导致 病理条件（即，疾病）。我们的前提是一种病原体逃避的机制 宿主内的杀灭作用使我们了解了其他病原体在其独特宿主中生存的方式 利基最肯定的是，用于研究不同宿主相互作用的方法是重叠的。有一个 爱荷华州大学许多实验室之间长期的合作研究和培训历史，以及 特别是在这个寄生虫项目的成员之间。有了这个新的应用程序， 扩大了我们的视野，以满足日益增长的需求，合作的专业知识，在应用严格的方法， 宿主和病原体基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组、微生物组和 噬菌体群，利用对这些海量数据集的分析来产生假设， 不同微生物建立寄生的共同和独特的机制。 这个跨部门，跨学科的计划借鉴了八个部门和四个部门的教师 在四个学院（医学，公共卫生，工程，文科）的家庭跨学科课程， 爱荷华州大学。我们的活动旨在激励和加强不仅是我们的学生， 博士后学者，而且还丰富了教师之间的协作互动与不同的 专业领域。在这次提交中，我们现在增加了在代谢组学，系统发生学， 生物信息学和流行病学。我们目前的教师已经有相当的深度 在微生物毒力和宿主先天性和适应性免疫反应机制中的作用。我们的目标是通过， 在默认情况下，我们的学员是否能够更全面地了解东道主之间的复杂关系， 微生物和环境对寄生的影响。我们以前的学员非常成功; 100% 完成培训的人中有30%在生物医学科学或相关领域担任职务， 54%的人持有终身制大学职位，39%的人在工业领域从事研究。在本申请中，我们 建议一个更好的方法来帮助学员发展他们的职业生涯。我们成功地招募到了 少数族裔候选人，并提出进一步加强这一点的办法。总的来说，我们认为这是一个全面的 计划培养研究生和博士后学者在寄生虫学的各个方面，并准备 他们在教育，工业科学政策或生物医学研究的生产性职业。

ABSTRACT The Mechanisms of Parasitism training program has been an ongoing program at the University of Iowa for 24 sequential years. The program unites scientists working on different microbial systems and methods, but addressing similar questions about “Parasitism”, i.e. the pathogenesis of microbial diseases. Our underlying hypothesis is that protozoal, helminthic, bacterial, and viral pathogens face similar obstacles in overcoming mammalian antimicrobial defenses, establishing a niche in which they coexist asymptomatic in their host, or lead to pathologic conditions (i.e., disease). Our premise is that the mechanisms through which one pathogen evades killing within the host provides insights into means through which other pathogens survive in their unique host niche. Most definitely the methods used to investigate host interactions with different hosts overlap. There is a long history of collaborative research and training among many laboratories at the University of Iowa, and specifically particularly between members of this Parasitism program. With this new application, we have expanded our horizons to meet the growing need for collaborative expertise in applying rigorous approaches to the study of host and pathogen genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, metabolomes, microbiomes, and phageomes, drawing upon analyses of these massive data sets to generate hypotheses that address the common and unique mechanisms through which different microbes establish parasitism. This interdepartmental, interdisciplinary program draws upon faculty members in eight departments and four interdisciplinary programs with homes in four Colleges (Medicine, Public Health, Engineering, Liberal Arts) at the University of Iowa. Our activities are aimed at inspiring and enhancing not only training of our students and postdoctoral scholars, but also enriching the collaborative interactions between faculty members with different areas of expertise. In this submission, we now add faculty with expertise in Metabolomics, Phylogenetics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology to the faculty. Our current faculty members already have considerable depth in mechanisms of microbial virulence and host innate and adaptive immune responses. We aim to adopt, and by default, have our trainees adopt a more comprehensive view of the intricate relationships between host, microbe, and environment that contributed to parasitism. Our prior trainees have been highly successful; 100% of those who are done with training have assumed positions in the biomedical sciences or related fields, with 54% holding tenure track university positions and 39% performing research in industry. In this application we propose an enhanced approach to helping trainees develop their careers. We have been successful at recruiting minority candidates and propose means to enhance that even further. Overall, we view this as a comprehensive program to train graduate students and postdoctoral scholars in diverse aspects of parasitism, and to prepare them for productive careers in education, industry scientific policy or biomedical research.