Neural mechanisms of spatial representations beyond the self

超越自我的空间表征的神经机制

• 批准号: 10429673
• 负责人: Matthias Stangl
• 金额: $ 11.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-15 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10429673
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Area; Attention; Award; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cells; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognition; Complex; Development; Development Plans; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Epilepsy; Episodic memory; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Head; Human; Impairment; Implant; Individual; Institution; Joints; Lead; Learning; Location; Measures; Medial; Monitor; Motion; Movement; Nature; Neurologic; Neurons; Partial Epilepsies; Participant; Patients; Persons; Population; Process; Research; Science; Societies; Source; Speed; Symptoms; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Work; career development; cognitive function; effective intervention; experience; flexibility; follow-up; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; patient population; relating to nervous system; skills; social; symposium; therapy development; visual tracking; way finding

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Spatial navigation is a fundamental human behavior, and deficits in navigational functions are among the hallmark symptoms of severe neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding how the human brain processes and encodes spatial information is thus of critical importance for the development of therapies for affected patients. Previous studies have shown that the brain forms neural representations of spatial information, via spatially-tuned activity of single neurons (e.g., place cells, grid cells, or head direction cells), and by the coordinated oscillatory activity of cell populations. The vast majority of these studies have focused on the encoding of self-related spatial information, such as one’s own location, orientation, and movements. However, everyday tasks in social settings require the encoding of spatial information not only for oneself, but also for other people in the environment. At present, it is largely unknown how the human brain accomplishes this important function, and how aspects of human cognition may affect these spatial encoding mechanisms. This project therefore aims to elucidate the neural mechanisms that underlie the encoding of spatial information and awareness of others. Specifically, the proposed research plan will determine how human deep brain oscillations and single-neuron activity allow us to keep track of other individuals as they move through our environment. Next, the project will determine whether these spatial encoding mechanisms are specific to the encoding of another person, or whether they can be used more flexibly to support the encoding of moving inanimate objects and even more abstract cognitive functions such as imagined navigation. Finally, the project will determine how spatial information is encoded in more complex real-world scenarios, when multiple information sources (e.g., multiple people) are present. To address these questions, intracranial medial temporal lobe activity will be recorded from two rare participant groups: (1) Participants with permanently implanted depth electrodes for the treatment of focal epilepsy through responsive neurostimulation (RNS), who provide a unique opportunity to record deep brain oscillations during free movement and naturalistic behavior; and (2) hospitalized epilepsy patients with temporarily implanted intracranial electrodes in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU), from whom joint oscillatory and single-neuron activity can be recorded. In addition, this award will allow me to complete a multifaceted career development plan: Since my current experience with electrophysiological recordings is limited to oscillatory activity from RNS participants, I will learn to record and analyze human single-neuron activity from EMU patients in a clinical setting. My training will be guided by pioneers in this research area, and will take place at UCLA, one of the world’s leading institutions in the clinical and research work with these patient populations. I will further attend seminars, coursework, and conferences, to develop not only as an experimentalist, but also as an independent leader and science communicator. Together, this will provide me with the necessary set of skills for my transition to independence.

项目摘要/摘要 空间导航是一种基本的人类行为，在导航功能中定义 严重神经系统疾病（例如阿尔茨海默氏病）的标志性症状。了解如何 因此，人脑过程和编码空间信息对于发展至关重要 患者的疗法。先前的研究表明，大脑形成空间的神经表示 信息，通过单个神经元（例如位置细胞，网格细胞或头部方向细胞）的空间调整活性，以及 通过细胞种群的协调振荡活性。这些研究中的绝大多数都集中在 编码自我相关的空间信息，例如自己的位置，方向和动作。然而， 社交环境中的日常任务不仅需要对自己的空间信息编码，而且还需要其他 环境中的人们。目前，人类大脑如何实现这一重要 功能以及人类认知方面如何影响这些空间编码机制。这个项目 因此旨在阐明基于空间信息编码的神经机制和 对他人的意识。具体而言，拟议的研究计划将确定人类深脑振荡如何 单神经活动使我们能够在其他人穿越我们的环境时跟踪他们。 接下来，该项目将确定这些空间编码机制是否特定于编码 另一个人，或者是否可以更灵活地使用它们来支持移动无生命物体的编码 甚至更抽象的认知功能，例如想象中的导航。最后，该项目将决定如何 当多个信息源（例如， 在场。为了解决这些问题，颅内媒体临时叶活动将是 从两个罕见参与者组中记录：（1）具有永久植入深度电极的参与者 通过反应性神经刺激（RNS）治疗局灶性癫痫，他提供了独特的机会 记录自由运动和自然主义行为期间的深脑振荡； （2）住院的癫痫病 癫痫监测单元（EMU）中临时植入颅内电极的患者，关节 可以记录振荡和单神经元活动。 此外，该奖项将使我能够完成一项多方面的职业发展计划：因为我当前 具有电生理记录的经验仅限于RNS参与者的振荡活动，我将学习 在临床环境中记录和分析来自EMU患者的人类单神经元活动。我的培训将是 在该研究领域的先驱者的指导下，将在UCLA举行，UCLA是世界上领先的机构之一 这些患者人群的临床和研究工作。我将进一步参加SEMIAR，课程工作和 会议，不仅要作为实验主义者发展，而且是独立的领导者和科学 沟通者。这将为我提供必要的技能，以使我过渡到独立性。