Computational and electrochemical substrates of social decision-making in humans

摘要 人脑中的多巴胺和5-羟色胺系统代表着两个关键的神经调制信号系统 影响情绪、基于价值的决策、学习和许多其他认知功能。尽管他们 重要的是，从心理学或计算的角度来看，关于他们的 精确的信息处理功能。因此，治疗这种疾病的策略很少。 折磨着这些系统。我们认为，这一差距的存在主要是因为方法上的限制。在那里的时候 有许多记录动作电位活动和局部场电位的快速方法，跟踪类似的进展 “问题的另一端”--神经化学动力学--已经远远落后了。这是不幸的，因为刚刚 考虑到儿茶酚胺、多巴胺、5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素，全球范围内 这些神经调节系统的功能障碍是巨大的，全世界有近4亿人 仅包括严重抑郁症和注意力缺陷多动障碍(世卫组织，2017年)。 这个项目的总体目标是研究交互作用的计算和神经调节底物。 社交过程被假设为跨诊断性RDoC结构。我们将利用两个层次的分析 (分子/电路和行为/计算)跨越两个RDoC结构(用于社交的系统 过程：对他人的感知和理解，亚结构理解心理状态，以及积极的 配价系统：奖励学习，子结构奖励预测误差)，以进入理解 人类社会互动的计算和神经基础。至关重要的是，互动社交 该方案中使用的任务生成一类重要的学习信号--奖励预测误差信号-- 而是在人与人之间交互的环境中表达。我们的两个层次的分析采用(1)计算 从详细的、观察到的行为估计的人类(双主体)社会交换模型和(2)独特的子模型 第二次测量人纹状体(三个独立部位：尾状核、壳核、 腹侧纹状体)在深部脑刺激(DBS)电极提供的机会窗期间 帕金森病、特发性震颤、强迫症的植入手术。

SUMMARY Dopamine and serotonin systems in the human brain represent two key neuromodulatory signalling systems that impact mood, value-based decision-making, learning, and a host of other cognitive functions. Despite their importance, there is no consensus view from a psychological or computational perspective concerning their exact information-processing functions. Consequently, there is a scarceness of strategies to treat disorders that afflict these systems. We believe that this gap exists primarily because of methodological limitations. While there are many fast methods for recording action potential activity and local field potentials, similar progress for tracking `the other end of the problem' - neurochemical dynamics - has lagged far behind. This is unfortunate since just considering the catecholamines dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, the worldwide health burden of dysfunction in these neuromodulatory systems is immense approaching 400 million people worldwide if one includes just Major Depression and Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (WHO, 2017). The overall goal of this project is to investigate the computational and neuromodulatory substrates of interactive social processes hypothesized to be trans-diagnostic RDoC constructs. We will utilize two levels of analysis (molecules/circuits and behavioral/computational) across two RDoC constructs (systems for social processes: perception and understanding of others, subconstruct understanding mental states, and positive valence systems: reward learning, subconstruct reward prediction error) to make inroads into understanding the computational and neural underpinnings of social interaction in humans. Crucially, the interactive social tasks used in this proposal generate an important class of learning signal – a reward prediction error signal – but expressed in the context of an inter-personal interaction. Our two levels of analysis employ (1) computational models of human (two-agent) social exchange estimated from detailed, observed behavior and (2) unique sub- second measurements of dopamine and serotonin from human striatum (three separate sites: caudate, putamen, ventral striatum) during the window-of-opportunity afforded by deep brain stimulating (DBS) electrode implantation surgery for Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremors, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.