Molecular basis of olfaction in Tsetse fly

采采蝇嗅觉的分子基础

• 批准号: 10437724
• 负责人: Shimaa abdelsalam mohamed Ebrahim
• 金额: $ 7.62万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10437724
• 关键词: Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Animal Diseases; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Behavior; Biology; Blood; CRISPR/Cas technology; Canis familiaris; Cattle; Code; Complex; Country; Cues; Culicidae; Development; Disease; Distant; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Economic Burden; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Feeds; Female; Fruit; Genes; Genetic Vectors; Human; Impairment; In Situ Hybridization; Incidence; Insecta; Larva; Lead; Mammals; Measures; Molecular; Molecular Biology; Neurons; New Agents; Odorant Receptors; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Operating System; Operative Surgical Procedures; Panthera leo; Partner in relationship; Persons; Pheromone; Pheromone Receptors; Phylogenetic Analysis; Physiological; Plants; Receptor Gene; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Smell Perception; System; Testing; Training; Transgenic Organisms; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Vaccines; Zebra; base; behavior test; behavioral response; design; egg; experience; feeding; fly; genome editing; human disease; in vivo; insight; interest; malaria mosquito; male; mutant; nagana; offspring; pregnant; prevent; receptor; response; sex

PROJECT SUMMARY The tsetse fly transmits trypanosomiasis to humans and animals across ~38 countries of Africa. In humans the disease is called African Sleeping Sickness. There is no vaccine to prevent it, and 70 million people are at risk. In animals the disease is called nagana, and it imposes a major economic burden on sub-Saharan Africa. The most effective means of preventing these diseases is to control the tsetse flies that transmit them, and olfactory traps have been particularly useful. Tsetse flies find their human and animal hosts largely through olfactory cues. Better understanding of the tsetse olfactory system may lead to better means of control. This proposal focuses on odorant receptors of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, with highest priority accorded to receptors whose expression is well characterized in the tsetse antenna. The experimental plan calls for an analysis of the response profiles of these GmmOr receptors, which will be accomplished by an electrophysiological screen of 130 odorants. Many of these odorants are human or animal host emanations. The panel includes a set of odorants that have previously been tested against the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster or the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, to facilitate comparison of the G. morsitans receptors with the receptor repertoires of these species. The GmmOr receptors will be tested in an in vivo expression system, the "empty neuron" system. We will determine whether the receptors are broadly or narrowly tuned, and whether any respond to low concentrations of host odorants. Odorants that elicit strong responses will be tested behaviorally to determine whether they are strong attractants of G. morsitans. Odorants that elicit a strong attractive response at low concentrations may be useful as trapping agents. Olfactory behavior will also be examined as a function of sex and feeding history; several key hypotheses will be tested. The proposal should provide the first detailed functional characterization of odorant receptors in tsetse. The experimental plan is designed to produce valuable new information about the olfactory responses of this fly. The study could also identify new agents useful in controlling tsetse and the diseases that it carries. The proposal will provide training in electrophysiology, molecular biology, genetics, and vector biology to Dr. Shimaa Ebrahim, who has little or no experience in these topics. The project will benefit from an environment that contains a great deal of expertise in insect olfaction. Moreover, Yale is one of the world's centers of tsetse research.

项目总结 采采蝇将锥虫病传播给非洲约38个国家的人和动物。 在人类中，这种疾病被称为非洲睡眠病。没有疫苗可以预防这种疾病，70 数百万人处于危险之中。在动物身上，这种疾病被称为nagana，它对动物造成了重大的经济损失。 撒哈拉以南非洲的负担。预防这些疾病最有效的方法是控制 传播它们的采采蝇和嗅觉捕捉器特别有用。采采蝇发现 它们的人类和动物宿主很大程度上是通过嗅觉线索。更好地理解采采语 嗅觉系统可能会带来更好的控制手段。 这项建议集中在采采蝇Glossina morsitans的气味受体上，最高 优先考虑在采采叶触角中表达良好的受体。这个 实验计划要求分析这些GmmOr受体的反应曲线，这将 通过130种气味的电生理筛选来完成。这些气味中的许多都是 人类或动物宿主的排泄物。该面板包括一组以前曾被 对果蝇黑腹果蝇或疟疾蚊子冈比亚按蚊进行测试，以 便于将莫西坦革兰氏杆菌受体与这些物种的受体谱系进行比较。这个 GmmOr受体将在体内表达系统--“空神经元”系统中进行测试。我们会 确定受体是宽调谐的还是窄调谐的，以及是否有对低电平的反应 寄主气味的浓度。将对引起强烈反应的气味进行行为测试 确定它们是否是马尔西坦革兰氏菌的强引诱剂。具有强烈诱惑力的气味 作为捕捉剂，低浓度的反应可能是有用的。嗅觉行为也将 作为性别和喂食史的函数进行研究；几个关键的假设将被检验。 该提案应首次提供气味受体的详细功能特征 采采儿。这项实验计划旨在提供有关嗅觉的有价值的新信息。 这种苍蝇的反应。这项研究还可以确定对控制采采症和口蹄疫有用的新制剂。 它携带的疾病。 该提案将提供电生理学、分子生物学、遗传学和载体方面的培训 对Shimaa Ebrahim博士来说，他在这些主题上几乎没有经验。该项目将受益 来自一个在昆虫嗅觉方面拥有丰富专业知识的环境。此外，耶鲁就是其中之一 世界上最大的采采业研究中心。