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Molecular basis of olfaction in Tsetse fly

采采蝇嗅觉的分子基础

基本信息

批准号：
10066218
负责人：
Shimaa abdelsalam mohamed Ebrahim
金额：
$ 6.93万
依托单位：
YALE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10066218
关键词：
Africa Africa South of the Sahara African African Trypanosomiasis Animal Diseases Animals Anopheles gambiae Behavior Biology Blood CRISPR/Cas technology Canis familiaris Cattle Code Complex Country Cues Culicidae Development Disease Distant Drosophila genus Drosophila melanogaster Economic Burden Electrophysiology (science)Environment Feeds Female Fruit Genes Genetic Vectors Human Impairment In Situ Hybridization Incidence Insecta Larva Lead Mammals Measures Molecular Molecular Biology Neurons New Agents Odorant Receptors Odors Olfactory Pathways Operating System Operative Surgical Procedures Panthera leo Partner in relationship Pheromone Pheromone Receptors Phylogenetic Analysis Physiological Plants Receptor Gene Recording of previous events Research Risk Smell Perception System Testing Training Transgenic Organisms Trypanosomiasis Tsetse Flies Vaccines Zebra base behavior test behavioral response design egg experience feeding fly genome editing human disease in vivo insight interest malaria mosquito male mutant nagana offspring pregnant prevent receptor response sex

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY The tsetse fly transmits trypanosomiasis to humans and animals across ~38 countries of Africa. In humans the disease is called African Sleeping Sickness. There is no vaccine to prevent it, and 70 million people are at risk. In animals the disease is called nagana, and it imposes a major economic burden on sub-Saharan Africa. The most effective means of preventing these diseases is to control the tsetse flies that transmit them, and olfactory traps have been particularly useful. Tsetse flies find their human and animal hosts largely through olfactory cues. Better understanding of the tsetse olfactory system may lead to better means of control. This proposal focuses on odorant receptors of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, with highest priority accorded to receptors whose expression is well characterized in the tsetse antenna. The experimental plan calls for an analysis of the response profiles of these GmmOr receptors, which will be accomplished by an electrophysiological screen of 130 odorants. Many of these odorants are human or animal host emanations. The panel includes a set of odorants that have previously been tested against the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster or the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, to facilitate comparison of the G. morsitans receptors with the receptor repertoires of these species. The GmmOr receptors will be tested in an in vivo expression system, the "empty neuron" system. We will determine whether the receptors are broadly or narrowly tuned, and whether any respond to low concentrations of host odorants. Odorants that elicit strong responses will be tested behaviorally to determine whether they are strong attractants of G. morsitans. Odorants that elicit a strong attractive response at low concentrations may be useful as trapping agents. Olfactory behavior will also be examined as a function of sex and feeding history; several key hypotheses will be tested. The proposal should provide the first detailed functional characterization of odorant receptors in tsetse. The experimental plan is designed to produce valuable new information about the olfactory responses of this fly. The study could also identify new agents useful in controlling tsetse and the diseases that it carries. The proposal will provide training in electrophysiology, molecular biology, genetics, and vector biology to Dr. Shimaa Ebrahim, who has little or no experience in these topics. The project will benefit from an environment that contains a great deal of expertise in insect olfaction. Moreover, Yale is one of the world's centers of tsetse research.

项目总结