Effects During Adolescence of Early Childhood Exposure to Parental Wartime Deployment

多重适应困难与最近父母在儿童中的部署有关。 自 2001 年以来，有 200 万儿童的父母被部署在部队。父母在战时的经历 部署也可能对儿童产生长期影响，但这些影响尚未系统化 研究过。早期暴露的后果可能在青春期尤其明显，当年轻时 人们做出的决定对其以后的运作非常重要。拟议的研究将评估 早期接触父母的部署和后来的青少年适应的直接和间接影响。父母的 心理健康和家庭过程将作为调解因素进行审查，父母和儿童的 脆弱性和支持也将被视为可以调节父母之间关系的因素。 部署和青年调整。包括人口统计、部署和医疗记录在内的档案数据将 与从 513 个家庭中的两名儿童和最多两名家长收集的新数据相结合，其中儿童将 数据收集启动时年龄为 11 至 16 岁。孩子们将至少经历过一次家长部署 持续至少 30 天，至少一名 6 岁以下的儿童。数据将通过访谈、调查和 在家访期间观察家庭互动任务。结果将成为儿童的指标 社会情感发展、行为和学业表现。分析将检查变异性 随着时间的推移，家庭内部和家庭之间，考虑到家庭内部数据的依赖性。创新 这项研究的特点是，它将包括已经退伍的参与者以及那些已经退役的参与者。 继续服务。焦点儿童的兄弟姐妹也将被包括在内，以便可以分离部署效果 来自儿童的具体因素。我们预计在开始接触病毒的青少年中会发现不太积极的调整 较早、更频繁或持续时间更长，和/或接触过父母经历的部署 更受创伤。我们预计这些影响将通过父母的心理健康、养育方式来发挥作用 效率、关系质量和家庭功能，并且在存在更多的情况下它们会变得更强 脆弱性和较少的支持。这项研究将扩大有关儿童在家庭中的风险和复原力的知识， 对学校、社区组织和医疗保健提供者具有潜在的重要影响。在 不到十年，在我们国家历史上最长的战争中出生的孩子们将超越 青春期，将不再可能衡量早期遭受父母争吵的影响 青年调整部署。

Multiple adjustment difficulties have been associated with exposure to recent parental deployments among the 2 million children whose military parents have been deployed since 2001. Exposures to parental wartime deployments also may have long-term consequences for children, but these have not yet been systematically studied. The consequences of early exposures may be particularly evident around adolescence, when young people make decisions that are highly consequential for their later functioning. The proposed study will assess the direct and indirect effects of early exposures to parental deployments and later youth adjustment. Parents’ psychological health and family processes will be examined as mediators, and parents’ and children’s vulnerability and support will also be examined as factors that could modulate relationships between parental deployment and youth adjustment. Archival data including demographic, deployment, and medical records will be combined with new data gathered from two children and up to two parents in 513 families where children will be aged 11 to 16 at the launch of data collection. Children will have experienced at least one parental deployment lasting at least 30 days, at least one child prior to age 6. Data will be gathered via interviews, surveys, and observation of family interaction tasks conducted during home visits. Outcomes will be indicators of children’s social-emotional development, behavior, and academic performance. Analyses will examine variability both within and between families over time, taking into account the dependent nature of within-family data. Innovative features of this study are that it will include participants who have left military service as well as those who continue to serve. Siblings of focal children also will be included so that deployment effects can be separated from child specific factors. We expect to find less positive adjustment among youth whose exposures began earlier, were more frequent or prolonged, and/or who were exposed to deployments where parents’ experiences were more traumatic. We expect that these effects will operate through parents’ psychological health, parenting efficacy, relationship quality, and family functioning, and that they will be stronger in the presence of greater vulnerability and less support. This study will expand knowledge about children’s risk and resilience in families, and has potentially important implications for schools, community organizations and health care providers. In less than a decade the children born during the longest war in our nation’s history will have moved beyond adolescence and it will no longer be possible to measure the impact of early exposure to parental combat deployment on youth adjustment.