Effects During Adolescence of Early Childhood Exposure to Parental Wartime Deployment

与最近父母部署有关的多重适应困难 自2001年以来，有200万名儿童的父母是军人。父母在战时的暴露 部署也可能对儿童产生长期影响，但这些还没有系统地进行 学习。早期接触的后果可能在青春期前后特别明显，在青春期 人们做出的决定对他们后来的功能有很大的影响。拟议的研究将评估 早期接触父母的部署和后来的青年适应的直接和间接影响。父母的 心理健康和家庭过程将作为中介进行检查，父母和孩子的 脆弱性和支持也将被视为可能调节父母之间关系的因素 部署和青年调整。包括人口统计、部署和医疗记录在内的档案数据将 与从513个家庭的两个孩子和最多两个父母收集的新数据相结合，在这些家庭中，孩子们将 在开始收集数据时年龄在11岁至16岁之间。孩子们将经历至少一次父母部署 持续至少30天，至少一个孩子在6岁之前。数据将通过访谈、调查和 观察在家访期间进行的家庭互动任务。结果将是儿童的指标 社交--情绪发展、行为和学业表现。分析将检查可变性和 考虑到家庭内数据的依存性，以及家庭之间随时间的变化情况。创新型 这项研究的特点是，它将包括退伍的参与者以及那些 继续服务。焦点儿童的兄弟姐妹也将被包括在内，以便可以分离部署效果 来自儿童特有的因素。我们预计在开始接触的年轻人中会发现不那么积极的调整 更早，更频繁或更长时间，和/或接触到父母经历的部署 更具伤害性。我们预计，这些影响将通过父母的心理健康、育儿方式 效能感、关系质量和家庭功能，而且当有更多的 脆弱性和较少的支持。这项研究将扩大关于儿童在家庭中的风险和弹性的知识， 并可能对学校、社区组织和医疗保健提供者产生重要影响。在……里面 不到十年，在我国历史上最长的战争期间出生的儿童将超过 青春期，将不再可能衡量早期接触父母争斗的影响 关于青年适应的部署。

Multiple adjustment difficulties have been associated with exposure to recent parental deployments among the 2 million children whose military parents have been deployed since 2001. Exposures to parental wartime deployments also may have long-term consequences for children, but these have not yet been systematically studied. The consequences of early exposures may be particularly evident around adolescence, when young people make decisions that are highly consequential for their later functioning. The proposed study will assess the direct and indirect effects of early exposures to parental deployments and later youth adjustment. Parents’ psychological health and family processes will be examined as mediators, and parents’ and children’s vulnerability and support will also be examined as factors that could modulate relationships between parental deployment and youth adjustment. Archival data including demographic, deployment, and medical records will be combined with new data gathered from two children and up to two parents in 513 families where children will be aged 11 to 16 at the launch of data collection. Children will have experienced at least one parental deployment lasting at least 30 days, at least one child prior to age 6. Data will be gathered via interviews, surveys, and observation of family interaction tasks conducted during home visits. Outcomes will be indicators of children’s social-emotional development, behavior, and academic performance. Analyses will examine variability both within and between families over time, taking into account the dependent nature of within-family data. Innovative features of this study are that it will include participants who have left military service as well as those who continue to serve. Siblings of focal children also will be included so that deployment effects can be separated from child specific factors. We expect to find less positive adjustment among youth whose exposures began earlier, were more frequent or prolonged, and/or who were exposed to deployments where parents’ experiences were more traumatic. We expect that these effects will operate through parents’ psychological health, parenting efficacy, relationship quality, and family functioning, and that they will be stronger in the presence of greater vulnerability and less support. This study will expand knowledge about children’s risk and resilience in families, and has potentially important implications for schools, community organizations and health care providers. In less than a decade the children born during the longest war in our nation’s history will have moved beyond adolescence and it will no longer be possible to measure the impact of early exposure to parental combat deployment on youth adjustment.