Examining a Brief Parent Intervention to Reduce College Student Drinking and Consequences

摘要 虽然大学危险饮酒的许多后果会影响学生本身(例如，宿醉， 尴尬，学者)，其他问题，如受损驾驶(IMPD)危及公共安全 而且必须得到解决。报告显示：1)大学生“高强度”饮酒者(每人10多杯) 情况)遇到更多问题，包括更多的驾驶障碍，以及2)尽管超过1.3 美国每年有100万名司机因驾驶障碍而被捕，他们只占全美 据估计，每年有1.21亿次自我报告的驾驶受损事件。我们最近由NIAAA资助的 研究确定了与大学生高风险饮酒和吸烟有关的具体父母行为 在大学层面的家长干预中没有得到充分解决的后果。这 研究表明：许多父母允许他们的孩子饮酒，试图揭开谜团 提供机会教他们更安全的饮酒习惯；2)父母的纵容 对于未成年人饮酒，尽管这是为了保护父母，但却有相反的情况 影响，并与酗酒和大学期间的后果显著相关； (3)其他积极的父母教养方式不会削弱父母宽容的影响 (例如，通信、监控)。作为回应，我们开发并试行了一段简短的15-20分钟 干预(P-Chat)，使用激励性访谈的原则来减少防御性和 改变父母的纵容态度。试点数据表明我们有能力实施P-Chat 忠诚度；改变父母改变的意愿；最重要的是，改变父母的许可 行为。这些数据提供了理由，证明有必要进行更大规模的全面研究，以检查 P-Chat对减少学生危险饮酒及其后果的影响我们建议的研究将 使用极其严格的设计来测试P-Chat。目标如下：目标1：评估效果 基准后3、6、9和12个月的P-Chat相对于严格的主动比较条件 (原始基于证据的PBI)、仅评估-对照和综合干预条件 P-Chat+PBI(P-Chat+)；目标2：考察P-Chat影响父母的过程 放任(和交流)与大学生行为(如动机、期望值、 使用完善的理论模型)；以及目标3： 检查P-Chat对哪些子组更有效，哪些子组更不有效。我们的主持人将是 基础广泛并侧重于基线学生特征(例如，性别、开始饮酒的年龄)和 父母特征(例如，性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、监测)。在一定程度上， 研究是成功的，它将提供一种有效的方法来解决一个重要的公共卫生问题 有问题。

Abstract While many consequences of college risky drinking affect the students themselves (e.g., hangovers, embarrassment, academics), other problems such as impaired driving (IMPD) jeopardize public safety and must be addressed. Reports show: 1) college student “high-intensity” drinkers (10+ drinks per occasion) experience more problems, including increased impaired driving, and 2) although over 1.3 million drivers in the U.S. are arrested for impaired driving annually, they only represent 1% of the estimated 121 million self-reported episodes of impaired driving each year. Our recent NIAAA-funded research identified specific parenting behaviors related to college students’ risky drinking and consequences that are not being adequately addressed in college-level parent interventions. This research revealed: 1) many parents allow their teens to drink alcohol in an attempt to take the mystery away and provide opportunities to teach them safer drinking practices; 2) parental permissiveness toward underage drinking, even though it was intended to be protective by parents, had the opposite effect and was significantly associated with increased drinking and consequences throughout college; and 3) the effects of parental permissiveness was not attenuated by other positive parenting behaviors (e.g., communication, monitoring). In response, we developed and piloted a brief 15-20 minute intervention (P-Chat) that uses principles of Motivational Interviewing to reduce defensiveness and change parents’ permissiveness. The pilot data demonstrate our ability to implement the P-Chat with fidelity; modify parents’ willingness to change; and most importantly, change parents’ permissive behaviors. These data provide justification to warrant a larger-scale comprehensive study examining the effects of the P-Chat on reducing students’ risky drinking and consequences. Our proposed study will use an extremely rigorous design to test the P-Chat. The aims are as follows: Aim 1: Assess the effects of the P-Chat at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-baseline relative to a rigorous active comparison condition (the original evidence-based PBI), an assessment only-control, and a combined intervention condition the P-Chat plus the PBI (P-Chat+); Aim 2: Examine the process by which the P-Chat influences parents’ permissiveness (and communications) and college students’ behaviors (e.g., motives, expectancies, norms, and willingness to consume alcohol) using a well-developed theoretical model; and Aim 3: Examine subgroups for which the P-Chat is more effective versus less effective. Our moderators will be broadly based and focus on baseline student characteristics (e.g., sex, age of onset of alcohol use) and parent characteristics (e.g., sex, age, education, marital status, monitoring). To the extent that the research is successful, it will provide an efficacious approach to address an important public health problem.