A randomized clinical trial: Examining a brief parent-intervention to reduce college student drinking and cannabis use

摘要 大学生危险饮酒和使用大麻是主要的公共卫生问题。几乎80%的大学 学生报告在过去一年中饮酒，超过三分之一的学生报告在过去一年中偶尔饮酒。 上个月。报告还显示，大学是大麻使用的高风险窗口。这是非常令人关注的 考虑到当今大麻的效力显著增加，大麻的使用和 后果也有所上升，并且由于美国各地的合法化程度提高，可用性继续增长。 此外，一些研究表明，同时使用酒精和大麻的情况有所增加（两者都使用）。 物质在同一天），这导致了显着更多的问题相比，无论是酒精或 大麻专用我们对大学生进行的简短的以父母为基础的干预在减少 危险的饮酒，但它目前没有内容来解决大麻的使用或酒精的共同使用， 大麻我们对文献和正在进行的研究的回顾表明，没有研究检查 父母干预措施在减少该年龄组大麻使用方面的效力。拟议的研究将解决 这一遗漏，遏制了上述问题的趋势，并通过测试修改后的 我们的父母干预版本，包括父母对酒精进行更广泛讨论的内容 和大麻使用（称为e-PBI+）。评估对大学水平大麻父母干预的兴趣 材料，我们进行了一项试点调查，40名高校卫生管理人员，所有40人表示，他们有一个 需要并将实施包括大麻内容的家长干预措施（见支持信）。 然后，我们对e-PBI+（与对照条件相比）进行了一项试点RCT研究，并观察到初步的 有证据表明，父母发现e-PBI+的额外大麻内容有趣和有用， 他们的学生很受欢迎，更重要的是，学生不太可能参与大麻使用 干预后。这些数据合在一起为进一步审查e-PBI+提供了支持。我们 拟议的研究将使用严格的RCT设计来检查：1）e-PBI+在3，6，9和12的疗效 相对于积极的比较条件（我们的循证父母干预， e-PBI）和注意力匹配控制条件（e-AC），减少酒精和大麻的使用， 结果（功效;目标1）; 2）检查e-PBI+影响父母和大学的过程 学生的行为（调解;目标2）;和3）检查亚组的e-PBI+是更多还是更少 有效（适度;目标3）。在研究成功的程度上，它将提供一个易于实施的 和低成本的父母干预，为父母提供新的大麻内容，与他们的父母进行讨论。 关于酒精和大麻的问题

Abstract College students’ risky drinking and cannabis use are major public health problems. Almost 80% of college students report consuming alcohol in the past year and more than 1 in 3 report heavy episodic drinking in the past month. Reports also show that college is a high-risk window for cannabis use. This is highly concerning considering that the potency of present-day cannabis has markedly increased, cannabis use and consequences have also risen, and availability continues to grow due to increased legalization across the U.S. Further, a number of studies have shown an increase in co-use of alcohol and cannabis (use of both substances in the same day), which results in significantly more problems compared to either alcohol-only or cannabis-only use. Our brief parent-based intervention for college students has shown efficacy in reducing risky drinking, but it does not currently have content to address cannabis use or co-use of alcohol and cannabis. Our review of the literature and research in progress reveals there are no studies examining the efficacy of parent interventions to reduce cannabis use in this age group. The proposed research will address this omission, curb the problematic trends noted above, and move the field forward by testing a modified version of our parent-intervention that includes content for parents to have broader discussions about alcohol and cannabis use (referred to as e-PBI+). To assess interest in the college-level cannabis parent-intervention materials, we conducted a pilot survey of 40 college health administrators and all 40 indicated that they have a need for and would implement a parent-intervention that included content on cannabis (see letters of support). We then conducted a pilot RCT study on the e-PBI+ (versus a control condition) and observed preliminary evidence that parents found the e-PBI+’s additional cannabis content interesting and useful, conversations with their students were well received, and more importantly, students were less likely to engage in cannabis use post-intervention. Taken together, these data provide support for further examination of the e-PBI+. Our proposed study will use a rigorous RCT design to examine: 1) The efficacy of the e-PBI+ at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-baseline relative to an active comparison condition (our evidence-based parent intervention, the e-PBI), and an attention-matched-control condition (e-AC), on reducing alcohol and cannabis use and consequences (efficacy; Aim 1); 2) Examine the process by which the e-PBI+ influences parents’ and college students’ behaviors (mediation; Aim 2); and 3) Examine subgroups for whom the e-PBI+ is more versus less effective (moderation; Aim 3). To the extent that the research is successful, it will provide an easy to implement and low-cost parent-intervention that provides new cannabis content for parents to have discussions with their college-bound teens about alcohol and cannabis.