An Ecologically Valid Application of Self-Determination Theory to Understand Responsible Alcohol Use

项目摘要 在美国，年轻人滥用酒精是一个重大的公共卫生问题。保护行为 认知行为策略（PBS）是在饮酒前、饮酒中或饮酒后立即使用的认知行为策略， 减少酒精使用、中毒和/或与酒精相关的伤害。使用PBS似乎是一种有效的方法 减少危害，尽管基于PBS的干预措施不太可能充分发挥其潜力。虽然很多 尽管人们对饮酒的动机有所了解，但令人惊讶的是，人们对参与PBS的动机却知之甚少。更好 了解PBS使用的动机可以为开发新的干预措施提供信息， 年轻人使用这种行为。自我决定理论是人类动机的一般理论 它已被应用于了解广泛的健康促进行为，尽管它的应用 酒精研究有限。SDT提出，有不同类型的动机，在不同的 在某种程度上，他们是自主的。例如，人们可能会因为感觉到 被迫这样做（即，控制动机）或因为他们重视行为（即，自治 动机）。根据SDT，自主动机更容易导致启动和维持 比控制动机更能促进健康。自主动机被认为是促进 满足自主性、能力和相关性等基本心理需求的环境。我们 本提案的目标是使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）设计， 调查SDT的原则，以更好地理解PBS的使用。具体而言，我们将保留一个种族/民族 不同的，性别平衡的样本，大学生（n = 90）和非大学参加年轻成人饮酒者（n = 90)自我决定的人（n = 30/30;自主动机最高，动机最低）， 动机性（n = 30/30;自主性和控制性动机均高）和低/动机性（n = 30/30; 动机相对较高，自主和控制动机较低）使用PBS完成 为期4周的EMA研究这种创新的设计将使我们能够有效地评估SDT的原则， 在受试者内（目标1）和受试者间水平（目标2）使用PBS，阐明了 酒精干预可能导致持续的行为改变。研究设计的每个方面都是 精心挑选，以加强申请人的培训。受试者内的潜在调节因素 SDT结构和酒精相关结果之间的关联将被检查，以帮助为未来的研究提供信息。 探索性目标（Exploratory Aim）

PROJECT SUMMARY Alcohol misuse among young adults in the U.S. is a significant public health concern. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive-behavioral strategies used before, during, or immediately after drinking to reduce alcohol use, intoxication, and/or alcohol-related harms. Using PBS appears to be an effective means of harm-reduction, though PBS-based interventions are unlikely to have reached their full potential. While much is known about motivation for drinking, surprisingly little is known about motivation for engaging in PBS. Better understanding of motivation for PBS use can inform the development of novel interventions that motivate young adults to use such behaviors. Self-determination theory (SDT) is a general theory of human motivation that has been applied to understand a wide range of health-promoting behaviors, though its application to alcohol research has been limited. SDT proposes that there are different types of motivation that vary in the extent to which they are self-determined. For example, people may engage in a behavior because they feel pressured to do so (i.e., controlled motivation) or because they value the behavior (i.e., autonomous motivation). According to SDT, autonomous motivation is more likely to result in the initiation and maintenance of health-promoting behaviors than controlled motivation. Autonomous motivation is posited to be facilitated by environments that satisfy the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Our objective in this proposal is to use an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to comprehensively investigate the tenets of SDT to better understand PBS use. Specifically, we will retain a racially/ethnically diverse, sex-balanced sample of college student (n = 90) and non-college attending young adult drinkers (n = 90) who are self-determined (n = 30/30; highest in autonomous motivation, lowest in amotivation), highly motivated (n = 30/30; high in both autonomous and controlled motivation), and low/amotivated (n = 30/30; relatively high on amotivation and low on both autonomous and controlled motivation) to use PBS to complete a 4-week EMA study. This innovative design will allow us to efficiently evaluate the tenets of SDT as applied to using PBS at both the within-subjects (Aim 1) and between-subjects level (Aim 2), clarifying novel targets for alcohol interventions that could result in sustained behavioral change. Each aspect of the research design was chosen deliberately to enhance the applicant’s training. Potential moderators of the within-subjects associations between SDT constructs and alcohol-related outcomes will be examined to help inform future intervention tailoring (Exploratory Aim).