An Ecologically Valid Application of Self-Determination Theory to Understand Responsible Alcohol Use

项目总结 在美国，年轻人滥用酒精是一个重大的公共卫生问题。保护性行为 策略(PBS)是在饮酒前、饮酒期间或饮酒后立即使用的认知行为策略 减少饮酒、醉酒和/或与酒精相关的伤害。使用PBS似乎是一种有效的手段 减少危害，尽管以公共广播系统为基础的干预措施不太可能充分发挥其潜力。虽然很多都是 人们对饮酒动机知之甚少，但令人惊讶的是，人们对参与PBS的动机知之甚少。更好 对PBS使用动机的理解可以为开发新的干预措施提供信息 年轻人使用这样的行为。自我决定论是关于人类动机的一般理论 它已被应用于理解广泛的健康促进行为，尽管它应用于 酒精研究一直受到限制。SDT提出，有不同类型的动机在 他们在多大程度上是自决的。例如，人们从事某种行为可能是因为他们觉得 被迫这样做(即受控动机)或因为他们重视行为(即自主性 动机)。根据SDT的观点，自主动机更容易导致启动和维持 促进健康的行为多于受控的动机。自主动机被认为是由 满足自主性、能力和关联性的基本心理需求的环境。我们的 本提案的目标是使用生态瞬时评估(EMA)设计来综合 研究SDT的原则，以更好地了解PBS的使用。具体地说，我们将保留一个种族/民族 大学生(n=90)和非大学参加的年轻成年饮酒者(n=)的多样化、性别平衡样本 90)自主性强(30/30；自主性最强，积极性最低)，高度 动机(n=30/30；自主和控制动机均高)，低/无动机(n=30/30； 动机相对较高，自主和受控动机都较低)使用PBS完成 为期4周的EMA研究。这一创新的设计将使我们能够有效地评估应用于 在受试者内部(目标1)和受试者之间(目标2)使用公共广播系统，澄清新的目标 酒精干预可能导致持续的行为改变。研究设计的每一个方面都是 刻意选择，以加强申请人的培训。受试者内部的潜在主持人 将研究SDT结构和酒精相关结果之间的关联，以帮助向未来提供信息 干预量身定做(探索性目标)。

PROJECT SUMMARY Alcohol misuse among young adults in the U.S. is a significant public health concern. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are cognitive-behavioral strategies used before, during, or immediately after drinking to reduce alcohol use, intoxication, and/or alcohol-related harms. Using PBS appears to be an effective means of harm-reduction, though PBS-based interventions are unlikely to have reached their full potential. While much is known about motivation for drinking, surprisingly little is known about motivation for engaging in PBS. Better understanding of motivation for PBS use can inform the development of novel interventions that motivate young adults to use such behaviors. Self-determination theory (SDT) is a general theory of human motivation that has been applied to understand a wide range of health-promoting behaviors, though its application to alcohol research has been limited. SDT proposes that there are different types of motivation that vary in the extent to which they are self-determined. For example, people may engage in a behavior because they feel pressured to do so (i.e., controlled motivation) or because they value the behavior (i.e., autonomous motivation). According to SDT, autonomous motivation is more likely to result in the initiation and maintenance of health-promoting behaviors than controlled motivation. Autonomous motivation is posited to be facilitated by environments that satisfy the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Our objective in this proposal is to use an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design to comprehensively investigate the tenets of SDT to better understand PBS use. Specifically, we will retain a racially/ethnically diverse, sex-balanced sample of college student (n = 90) and non-college attending young adult drinkers (n = 90) who are self-determined (n = 30/30; highest in autonomous motivation, lowest in amotivation), highly motivated (n = 30/30; high in both autonomous and controlled motivation), and low/amotivated (n = 30/30; relatively high on amotivation and low on both autonomous and controlled motivation) to use PBS to complete a 4-week EMA study. This innovative design will allow us to efficiently evaluate the tenets of SDT as applied to using PBS at both the within-subjects (Aim 1) and between-subjects level (Aim 2), clarifying novel targets for alcohol interventions that could result in sustained behavioral change. Each aspect of the research design was chosen deliberately to enhance the applicant’s training. Potential moderators of the within-subjects associations between SDT constructs and alcohol-related outcomes will be examined to help inform future intervention tailoring (Exploratory Aim).