Revealing the role of platelets in promoting HIV reservoir seeding and persistence in the CNS-resident myeloid cells

总结 尽管开发了有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART），成功地抑制了病毒复制， 对于大多数艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH），没有治疗方法可以完全治愈这种感染。的 根除艾滋病毒的主要障碍是各种解剖学病毒储库（VR）的持续存在，包括 中枢神经系统（CNS），其具有产生感染性病毒并在中枢神经系统内系统性传播的能力。 所有患者停止抗逆转录病毒治疗后的时间都很短，只有少数例外情况。因此，开发新的干预措施 旨在减少或消除VRs是HIV研究的关键优先事项之一。关于RFA-MH- 20-701，我们的申请提出了SIV感染恒河猴（RM）的基础科学和临床前研究 在PLWH的CNS驻留骨髓细胞中模拟VR的各个方面，并研究新的 预防CNS中HIV持续存在的药理学策略。因此，根据 在本申请中概述的观察，我们假设在急性期PMC形成的破坏 的感染将限制VR的播种和维持，因此， 分析性治疗中断（ATI）后的CNS。提出了三个目标：（1）调查是否 在感染急性期全身破坏PMC形成，调节CNS中的病毒持久性;（2） 为了研究感染急性期PMC形成的系统性破坏是否调节了 ATI后病毒反弹的动力学和程度;和（3）研究PMC的系统破坏是否 在感染急性期形成，调节神经炎症和突触树突损伤 与长期ART和ATI相关。这些目标将通过以下方式实现：（一）采用一个行之有效的模式， 用抑制性ART处理SIV感染的RM，和（ii）进行体内Ab介导的PMC破坏 在未经治疗的感染急性期形成。揭示血小板调节的机制 HIV在骨髓细胞中的持续存在将为我们提供一个关键的理解，即这些细胞之间的相互作用是如何发生的， 在哺乳动物细胞中的功能，并深入了解如何在PLWH中实现潜在的HIV治愈。

Summary Despite the development of potent anti-retroviral therapy (ART) that successfully suppresses virus replication in the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH), there is no treatment that can cure this infection entirely. The major obstacle in eradicating HIV is the persistence of various anatomical viral reservoirs (VRs), including the central nervous system (CNS), that have the capacity to produce infectious virus and systemically spread within a short period upon cessation of ART in all, with few exceptional cases. Therefore, developing novel interventions aimed at reducing or eliminating the VRs is one of the key priorities for HIV research. In response to RFA-MH- 20-701, our application proposes basic science and preclinical research in SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) to model aspects of VR in the CNS-resident myeloid cells of PLWH, and to investigate the efficacy of the novel pharmacologic strategy to prevent establishment of HIV persistence in the CNS. Thus, based on the observations outlined in this application we hypothesize that the disruption of PMC formation during acute phase of infection will limit the seeding and maintenance of VR and, as a consequence, the extent of viral rebound in the CNS following analytical therapy interruption (ATI). Three aims are proposed: (1) To investigate whether the systemic disruption of PMC formation during acute phase of infection, regulates viral persistence in the CNS; (2) To investigate whether the systemic disruption of PMC formation during acute phase of infection, regulates the kinetics and extent of viral rebound after ATI; and (3) To investigate whether the systemic disruption of PMC formation during acute phase of infection, regulates the neuroinflammation and synaptodendritic damages associated with long-term ART and ATI. These aims will be achieved by (i) using a well-established model of SIV-infected RMs treated with suppressive ART, and (ii) performing in vivo Ab-mediated disruption of PMC formation during acute phase of untreated infection. Revealing the mechanisms through which platelets regulate the persistence of HIV in myeloid cells will provide a critical understanding of how these cellular interactions function in mammalian cells, and an insight into how a potential HIV cure can be achieved in PLWH.