Determining the Longer-term Impact of COVID-19 Stressors, Alcohol Use and Neurobiobehavioral Decline in Older Adults Through Prospective Study

项目摘要/摘要 尽管新冠肺炎的流行没有人不受影响，但老年人和土著黑人的健康 而其他有色人种(Bic)则受到不成比例的影响。此外，新出现的变种和 数据显示，至少有一些变种可以由接种疫苗的人感染和传播 伴随着强调戴口罩和社交距离的持续信息，加剧了 对社会重新参与的担忧。一份现存的文献表明，社交距离与一系列 生物心理社会后果，包括心理困扰、孤独、睡眠障碍、疼痛严重程度和 这里特别重要的是，酒精使用的升级和认知能力的下降。关键的是，这些结果具有 注意到相互作用，并且在同时老化过程的情况下尤其不利。因此， 在老年人中，有令人信服的理由研究新冠肺炎大流行的生物心理社会后果 成年人。此外，鉴于对传记和说明种族的研究(尽管有限)的不成比例影响- 相关的易感性差异与隔离相关的压力源，有目的地研究其作用是当务之急 进行种族/民族调查。最后，尽管有大量文献详细描述了女性性别是罹患癌症的风险因素 心理痛苦和相关后果的脆弱性增加，这种情况的方式和程度 风险将根据新冠肺炎旷日持久的大流行以及年龄和种族/族裔的函数得到证明 是未知的。目前出现的数据解决了其中一些问题，因为它们在早期阶段经历过 大流行的影响。然而，要确定这一长期大流行的长期后果，需要 概念驱动的纵向研究，迅速启动。如果延迟，对科学的基础信息 进展和公共卫生规划将被错过。因此，在RFA AA-21-002和现有数据的指导下，我们 提出一项前瞻性、多方法/多模式的纵向研究，旨在阐明相互作用的影响 新冠肺炎的压力源(即睡眠质量、心理困扰、孤独/负面情绪和慢性疼痛)， 160名老年(65-75岁)男性和女性当前饮酒者的酒精使用和神经生物行为下降/稳定性 多数族裔和少数族裔各80人(60/40分布)，同时控制基本的 协变量，如情感和身体上接近新冠肺炎。通过3个项目的纵向评估 在未来几年里，我们将界定这一大流行不断演变的影响，并澄清影响结果的重要因素。一起， 这些数据将为有关新冠肺炎应激源、模式和长期影响的两个科学问题提供信息 酒精使用、神经生物行为改变以及公共卫生规划和预防工作。

Project Summary/Abstract Although the COVID-19 pandemic is leaving no one untouched, the health of older adults and Black, Indigenous and other people of color (BIOPC) has been disproportionately impacted. Further, the emergent variants and data demonstrating that at least some variants can be contracted and transmitted by those vaccinated are accompanied by continued messaging emphasizing mask-wearing and social distancing, exacerbating concerns of social re-engagement. An extant literature demonstrates that social distancing is linked to a host of biopsychosocial consequences including psychological distress, loneliness, sleep disruption, pain severity, and of particular relevance here, escalation in alcohol use and cognitive decline. Critically, these outcomes have noted interactions and are particularly disadvantageous in the context of concurrent aging processes. Thus, there are compelling arguments for study of biopsychosocial outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. Additionally, given the disproportionate impact on BIOPC and studies (albethey limited) illustrating race- related differences in vulnerability to isolation related stressors, it is imperative that purposeful study of the role of race/ethnicity be conducted. Finally, although there is a large literature detailing female sex as a risk factor for increased vulnerability for psychological distress and related outcomes, the manner and degree to which such risk would be evidenced in light of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and as a function of age and race/ethnicity is not known. Currently emerging data address some of these issues as they were experienced in early phases of the pandemic. However, characterizing the long-term consequences of this prolonged pandemic requires conceptually-driven longitudinal study, expeditiously initiated. If delayed, information fundamental to scientific progress and public health programming will be missed. Thus, guided by RFA AA-21-002 and existing data, we propose a prospective, multi-method/multi-modal longitudinal study directed to clarifying the interactive effects of COVID-19 stressors (i.e., sleep quality, psychological distress, loneliness/negative affect and chronic pain), alcohol use and neurobiobehavioral decline/stability in 160 older (age 65-75) male and female current drinkers (n=80 each) of both majority and minority race/ ethnicity (60/40 distribution) while controlling for essential covariates such as emotional and physical proximity to COVID-19. Through longitudinal assessment across 3 years, we will define the pandemic’s evolving impact and clarify significant modulators of outcomes. Together, these data will inform both scientific questions regarding the long-term impact of COVID-19 stressors, patterns of alcohol use, and neurobiobehavioral change and public health planning and prevention efforts.