Determining the Longer-term Impact of COVID-19 Stressors, Alcohol Use and Neurobiobehavioral Decline in Older Adults Through Prospective Study

项目概要/摘要 尽管COVID-19大流行没有人不受影响，但老年人和黑人、土著人的健康 和其他有色人种（BIOPC）受到了不成比例的影响。此外，紧急变量和 数据表明，至少有一些变异可以通过接种疫苗的人感染和传播， 伴随着持续强调戴口罩和保持社交距离的信息， 社会再参与的问题。现存的文献表明，社交距离与许多 生物心理社会后果，包括心理困扰、孤独、睡眠中断、疼痛严重程度，以及 与此特别相关的是，酒精使用的升级和认知能力的下降。重要的是，这些结果 注意到相互作用，并且在同时老化过程的情况下特别不利。因此，在本发明中， 研究COVID-19大流行在老年人中的生物心理社会后果有令人信服的理由 成年人了此外，考虑到对BIOPC的不成比例的影响和说明种族的研究（尽管它们有限）， 相关差异的脆弱性隔离相关的压力源，这是当务之急，有目的的研究的作用 种族/民族问题。最后，尽管有大量文献详细说明女性性别是一个危险因素， 心理痛苦和相关后果的脆弱性增加， 鉴于COVID-19大流行的持续以及年龄和种族/民族的功能， 不知道。目前新出现的数据解决了其中一些问题，因为它们在早期阶段经历过 大流行病。然而，要描述这一长期流行病的长期后果， 概念驱动的纵向研究，迅速启动。如果延误，科学研究的基础信息 公共卫生规划的进展将被错过。因此，根据RFA AA-21-002和现有数据，我们 提出一项前瞻性、多方法/多模式的纵向研究，旨在阐明相互作用的影响 COVID-19压力源（即，睡眠质量、心理困扰、孤独/负面情绪和慢性疼痛）， 160名老年（65-75岁）男性和女性饮酒者的酒精使用和神经生物行为下降/稳定性 （各n=80）多数和少数种族/族裔（60/40分布），同时控制基本 协变量，如与COVID-19的情感和身体接近度。通过3年的纵向评估， 在今后几年里，我们将确定这一流行病不断演变的影响，并澄清影响结果的重要因素。在一起， 这些数据将为关于COVID-19压力源、模式和长期影响的科学问题提供信息 酒精使用，神经生物行为变化和公共卫生规划和预防工作。

Project Summary/Abstract Although the COVID-19 pandemic is leaving no one untouched, the health of older adults and Black, Indigenous and other people of color (BIOPC) has been disproportionately impacted. Further, the emergent variants and data demonstrating that at least some variants can be contracted and transmitted by those vaccinated are accompanied by continued messaging emphasizing mask-wearing and social distancing, exacerbating concerns of social re-engagement. An extant literature demonstrates that social distancing is linked to a host of biopsychosocial consequences including psychological distress, loneliness, sleep disruption, pain severity, and of particular relevance here, escalation in alcohol use and cognitive decline. Critically, these outcomes have noted interactions and are particularly disadvantageous in the context of concurrent aging processes. Thus, there are compelling arguments for study of biopsychosocial outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. Additionally, given the disproportionate impact on BIOPC and studies (albethey limited) illustrating race- related differences in vulnerability to isolation related stressors, it is imperative that purposeful study of the role of race/ethnicity be conducted. Finally, although there is a large literature detailing female sex as a risk factor for increased vulnerability for psychological distress and related outcomes, the manner and degree to which such risk would be evidenced in light of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and as a function of age and race/ethnicity is not known. Currently emerging data address some of these issues as they were experienced in early phases of the pandemic. However, characterizing the long-term consequences of this prolonged pandemic requires conceptually-driven longitudinal study, expeditiously initiated. If delayed, information fundamental to scientific progress and public health programming will be missed. Thus, guided by RFA AA-21-002 and existing data, we propose a prospective, multi-method/multi-modal longitudinal study directed to clarifying the interactive effects of COVID-19 stressors (i.e., sleep quality, psychological distress, loneliness/negative affect and chronic pain), alcohol use and neurobiobehavioral decline/stability in 160 older (age 65-75) male and female current drinkers (n=80 each) of both majority and minority race/ ethnicity (60/40 distribution) while controlling for essential covariates such as emotional and physical proximity to COVID-19. Through longitudinal assessment across 3 years, we will define the pandemic’s evolving impact and clarify significant modulators of outcomes. Together, these data will inform both scientific questions regarding the long-term impact of COVID-19 stressors, patterns of alcohol use, and neurobiobehavioral change and public health planning and prevention efforts.