Principles of presynaptic networks for single layer 2/3 neurons in ferret visual cortex

雪貂视皮层单层2/3神经元突触前网络的原理 新皮层回路中的单个神经元由兴奋性突触前网络驱动， 和抑制性神经元。每个神经元的突触前伙伴群体决定了 输入信息被处理。长期以来，人们对皮层回路的看法是， 突触输入通过水平（循环）连接源自局部网络。 然而，递归网络塑造皮层神经元活动的机制是， 大部分未知。此外，理论模型提出的突触和细胞机制 依赖于对啮齿动物视觉皮层的研究，越来越多的研究表明， 食肉动物和灵长类动物的组织和功能。拟议职业发展计划 目的是解决这些问题，通过映射突触前兴奋和抑制细胞的单个 第2/3层神经元和解剖他们如何发挥作用，选择性地调节雪貂V1的神经活动 in vivo.该提案使用了先进的光学技术和 电生理学候选人在体内生理学和光学成像方面有很深的背景 在很多种哺乳动物中。候选人建议在国家接受培训- 最先进的多光子全息光遗传学和使用新的分子工具。候选 也将接受导师和顾问的专业发展指导。本次培训 将建立必要的技能，为一个成功的独立研究生涯研究的作用 在非鼠模型系统中的基本皮层操作中的突触前网络。的 候选人将在世界著名的大卫菲茨帕特里克博士的指导下进行分阶段的学习。 食肉动物和灵长类动物早期视觉系统和大脑皮层处理方面的专家。的 候选人将共同指导博士希勒尔Adesnik，谁是在多光子全息先驱 光遗传学和候选人建议使用的先进技术。其他咨询来自 博士Kristina Nielsen和Krishnan Padmanabhan博士将提供专业指导。 发展和过渡到学术地位。MPFI将提供出色的研究 环境，拥有丰富的资源，技术支持和智力讨论， 杰出的科学家，以帮助确保成功完成拟议的研究和过渡 走向独立候选人的长期愿望是建立一个创新和 多学科研究计划，以建立皮层电路的基本原则， 最终为理解精神分裂症和自闭症等疾病提供了一个框架， 这表明在处理感觉信号方面存在严重的障碍。

Principles of presynaptic networks for single layer 2/3 neurons in ferret visual cortex Single neurons in neocortical circuits are driven by presynaptic networks composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Each neuron’s population of presynaptic partners determines how incoming information is processed. A longstanding view of cortical circuits is that a majority of synaptic inputs originate from local networks through horizontal (recurrent) connections. However, the mechanisms by which recurrent networks shape the activity of cortical neurons is largely unknown. Additionally, synaptic and cellular mechanisms proposed by theoretical models rely on studies of the rodent visual cortex, which is increasingly shown to differ from that of carnivores and primates in organization and function. The proposed career development plan aims to address these problems by mapping presynaptic excitatory and inhibitory cells of single layer 2/3 neurons and dissecting how they act to selectively modulate neural activity in ferret V1 in vivo. This proposal uses a novel combination of advanced optical techniques and electrophysiology. The candidate has a deep background in in vivo physiology and optical imaging in a wide variety of mammalian species. The candidate proposes to receive training in state-of- the-art multiphoton holographic optogenetics and the use of novel molecular tools. The candidate will also receive guidance from mentors and advisors on professional development. This training will establish the necessary skills for a successful independent research career studying the role of presynaptic networks in fundamental cortical operations in a non-murine model system. The candidate will carry out the mentored phased under Dr. David Fitzpatrick, a world-prominent expert on the early visual-system and cortical processing of carnivores and primates. The candidate will be co-mentored by Dr. Hillel Adesnik, who is a pioneer in multiphoton holographic optogenetics and developed techniques the candidate proposes to use. Additional advising from Dr. Kristina Nielsen and Dr. Krishnan Padmanabhan will provide guidance in professional development and the transition to an academic position. MPFI will provide an excellent research environment, with abundant resources, technical support, and intellectual discussions with prominent scientists to help ensure successful completion of the proposed research and transition to independence. The candidate’s long-term aspirations are to build an innovative and multidisciplinary research program to establish fundamental principles of cortical circuits, ultimately providing a scaffold for understanding disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism, which show profound impairments in the processing of sensory signals.