Origins and Outcomes of Smartphone and Social Media Habits Across Development

项目概要 随着公众对智能手机和社交媒体 (SSM) 的日益普及的广泛关注 美国年轻人生活中的技术，1-3 迫切需要投资于严格的科学 这项工作将帮助我们了解 SSM 习惯的心理前兆，以及 SSM 习惯的影响 这些习惯可能会对随后的发展和日常运作产生影响。虽然基础文献是 关于 SSM 习惯的起源和结果的研究已经开始形成，但仍处于骨架状态，两个基本的 问题仍未得到解答：1）数字媒体习惯的相关性在整个发展过程中是否稳定，或者是否会变化？ 它们随年龄而变化？ 2) 这些关系朝什么方向发展——观察到的相关性是否反映了 预示着 SSM 习惯形成/强度的后续变化的个体差异，或者，它们是否反映了 SSM 习惯对随后的大脑/心理发育和日常功能有何影响？的 本研究旨在通过多种方法（行为、 神经影像学、自我报告、生态瞬时评估）个体的跨序贯调查 前瞻性预测 SSM 习惯形成及其相关结果的差异因素 这种习惯在整个发展过程中不断强化。通过对儿童进行初步横断面分析， 对于青少年和年轻人，我们将调查心理/大脑之间的关系是否 功能和 SSM 行为随年龄而变化。在随后的纵向阶段，我们将 同时跟踪心理/大脑成熟、日常功能（例如学术活动）的轨迹 结果、心理和身体健康）和 SSM 参与，以阐明时间 连接心理功能和 SSM 使用的一系列过程。我们的调查团队非常出色 定位于执行拟议的研究，该研究将大量借鉴以下理论框架和方法 推动了我们之前的工作，并将从参与过的活跃发展群体中招募 我们实验室最近进行的相关研究。基于指导神经发育理论，我们假设 自我调节控制、奖励和感觉寻求、对社会投入的反应等方面的个体差异， 冒险倾向将在不同的开发阶段对使用模式进行不同的预测， 并且这些关系将被证明与强化的 SSM 行为具有双向相互作用， 对日常功能具有重要影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY With widespread public concern about the increasing presence of smartphone and social media (SSM) technologies in the lives of American youth,1–3 there is a conspicuous need for investment in rigorous scientific work that will inform our understanding of the psychological precursors of SSM habits, and on the impacts that these habits may have on subsequent development and everyday functioning. While a foundational literature is starting to form, research on the origins and outcomes of SSM habits remains skeletal, and two basic questions are still unanswered: 1) Are the correlates of digital media habits stable across development, or do they vary with age? 2) In what direction do these relationships ensue – do observed correlations reflect individual differences that presage subsequent variation in SSM habit formation/intensity, or, do they reflect the impacts of SSM habits on consequent brain/psychological development and everyday functioning? The present study aims to refine our answers to these key questions through a multi-methodological (behavior, neuroimaging, self-reports, ecological momentary assessment) cross-sequential investigation of the individual differences factors that prospectively predict SSM habit formation and of the outcomes associated with intensification of such habits across development. Through an initial cross-sectional assay of children, adolescents, and young adults, we will investigate whether the relations between psychological/brain functioning and SSM behaviors vary as a function of age. In a subsequent longitudinal phase, we will concurrently track trajectories of psychological/brain maturation, everyday functioning (e.g., academic outcomes, psychological and physical wellbeing), and SSM engagement, in order to shed light on the temporal chain of processes linking mental functioning and SSM usage. Our investigative team is extremely well positioned to execute the proposed research, which will draw heavily from the theoretical framing and methods that have propelled our previous work, and which will recruit from active developmental cohorts who have participated in related recent studies implemented in our labs. Based on guiding neurodevelopmental theories, we hypothesize that individual differences in self-regulatory control, reward and sensation seeking, reactivity to social inputs, and risk-taking propensity will be differentially predictive of usage patterns at varying points in development, and that these relationships will be shown to have bidirectional interactions with intensifying SSM behaviors, with important implications for everyday functioning.