Alcohol & Peer Context Effects on Behavior & Neural Correlates of Risks in Youths

酒精

• 批准号: 8223224
• 负责人: Jason M Chein
• 金额: $ 34.43万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-10 至 2016-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8223224
• 关键词: 21 year old; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Anterior; Area; Arousal; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Brain; Cognition; Corpus striatum structure; Crime; Decision Making; Development; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; Output; Participant; Performance; Placebos; Plant Roots; Predisposition; Prevention strategy; Principal Investigator; Process; Punishment; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Rewards; Risk; Risk-Taking; Sex Behavior; Social Environment; System; Testing; Youth; adolescent alcohol; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; brain pathway; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; decision-making capacity; executive function; insight; peer; peer influence; psychosocial; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; reward processing; social; successful intervention; therapy design; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two of the strongest influences on young adult risk taking decisions are alcohol use and social context. Yet the principal investigator the known potency of each factor in individually inducing risk-taking among youth, and the principal investigator the frequency with which young people consume alcohol in the presence of their peers, no prior research has sought to examine their concurrent and potentially interactive effects. In our model of decision-making in adolescence and young adulthood, asynchronous maturational changes in the brain's cognitive control and reward processing systems yield a period of increased proclivity for risk, and increased susceptibility to specific influences on decision-making. We hypothesize that alcohol and peer influences have their primary impacts on separate components of the brain's decision-making circuitry, with alcohol-affecting regions most closely linked to cognitive control, and peer influence acting upon the reward processing system. The combination of these individually deleterious influences may thus create a powerful "risk-taking cocktail" that disrupts processing within normally offsetting components of the brain's decision-making circuitry, and thereby increases the tendency to engage in risk-taking behaviors with potentially serious consequences (e.g. reckless driving, risky sexual activity, crime). The present application includes behavioral studies designed to test the main and interactive effects of acute alcohol consumption and peer influence on young adults' decisions about risk, as well as an fMRI studies designed to test our neurobiological framework for adolescent and young adult decision-making and the associated hypothesis regarding the separate neural loci of alcohol and social influences. In order to conduct these studies, a research team with combined expertise in the cognitive neuroscience of executive function, the psychosocial development of adolescents and young adults, and the influences of alcohol on cognition and affect, has been assembled. The proposed studies will yield fundamental insights into the effects of social context and alcohol on young adults' risk-taking behaviors, and will inform the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Knowledge of the specific mechanisms that lead to diminished decision making capacity following alcohol exposure and in the presence of peers is important to the design of interventions. To the extent that alcohol and the presence of peers may combine to impact a youth's decision-making capabilities, and these deficits in decision-making affect real world behaviors, successful interventions must be rooted in a combination of individual factors (e.g., decreasing a youth's susceptibility to peer influences) while simultaneously changing the social context. The proposed studies will deploy behavioral and fMRI methods to yield fundamental insights into the independent and interactive effects of social context and alcohol on risk-taking, and will inform the development of more effective prevention and intervention strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：对年轻人冒险决策影响最大的两个因素是饮酒和社会环境。然而，首席研究员的每一个因素在单独诱导青少年冒险行为的已知潜力，和首席研究员的频率，年轻人消费酒精在他们的同龄人面前，没有以前的研究试图检查他们的并发和潜在的相互作用的影响。在我们的青春期和青年期决策模型中，大脑认知控制和奖励处理系统的异步成熟变化产生了一段风险倾向增加的时期，并增加了对决策特定影响的敏感性。我们假设，酒精和同伴的影响，其主要影响大脑的决策电路的独立组件，酒精影响区域最密切相关的认知控制，和同伴的影响作用于奖励处理系统。这些个别有害影响的组合可能因此产生一种强大的“冒险鸡尾酒”，破坏大脑决策回路中正常抵消成分的处理，从而增加了参与具有潜在严重后果的冒险行为的倾向（例如鲁莽驾驶，危险的性活动，犯罪）。本申请包括行为研究，旨在测试急性酒精消费和同伴影响对年轻人关于风险的决定的主要和交互作用，以及功能磁共振成像研究，旨在测试我们的青少年和年轻人决策的神经生物学框架以及关于酒精和社会影响的单独神经位点的相关假设。为了进行这些研究，一个研究小组与执行功能的认知神经科学，青少年和年轻人的心理社会发展，以及酒精对认知和影响的综合专业知识，已经组装。拟议的研究将对社会背景和酒精对年轻人冒险行为的影响产生根本性的见解，并将为制定更有效的预防和干预策略提供信息。 公共卫生相关性：了解酒精暴露后和在同伴在场的情况下导致决策能力下降的具体机制对干预措施的设计很重要。在某种程度上，酒精和同龄人的存在可能会联合收割机影响青年的决策能力，而这些决策缺陷会影响真实的世界行为，成功的干预措施必须植根于个人因素的组合（例如，减少青年对同伴影响的敏感性），同时改变社会环境。拟议的研究将部署行为和功能磁共振成像方法，以产生对社会环境和酒精对冒险行为的独立和互动影响的基本见解，并将为制定更有效的预防和干预策略提供信息。