Public Drinking Water Contaminants and Infant Health: Advancing Environmental Justice

项目摘要 这一项目的目标是评估种族/族裔和社会经济不平等在以下方面的作用： 公共饮用水污染物暴露于子宫内水污染物暴露和随后的不利影响 美国各地的出生结果（US）。公共饮用水污染物的潜在差异 美国各地的暴露情况尚未得到全面描述。在公共场合饮酒的差异 水污染物暴露可能直接导致子宫内暴露的不平等， 不良生育后果。 该提案旨在（1）评估饮用水污染中的种族/民族和社会经济不平等 通过开发新的全国性公共饮用水污染物暴露， 超过80种受管制污染物的估计;（2）评估估计的公共饮用水的贡献 水金属暴露于子宫内测量的内部剂量和婴儿健康结果在三个不同的 出生队列;（3）评估国家公共饮用水法规变化对婴儿的影响 使用差异中的差异方法，可以表征联邦 美国不同种族/民族和社会经济亚组的饮用水监管变化。在目标1中， 新的全国公共饮用水污染物暴露估计将主要使用数据得出 来自美国环境保护署的污染物发生六年回顾数据库， 包含美国超过95%的公共饮用水系统的合规性监测数据。在Aim中 2，将目标1中的新公共饮用水污染物暴露估计值分配给母婴 环境对儿童健康结果的影响（ECHO）中几个不同出生队列中的二元组 一个全国性的财团，一个先驱的NIH资助的财团。在目标3中，新型公共饮用水污染物 将目标1中的暴露估计值分配给来自加州综合出生档案的出生记录， 评估减少水污染物暴露（通过联邦法规变化）对不良出生的影响 成果。这项拟议的研究直接响应了NIH 2020年战略计划的目标，即“开发证据， 减少健康差距的干预措施”，包括“了解导致健康差距的机制， 种族/民族和社会经济地位的差异”。

Project Summary The objective of this project is to evaluate the contribution of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in public drinking water contaminant exposures to in utero water contaminant exposures and subsequent adverse birth outcomes across the United States (US). Potential disparities in public drinking water contaminant exposures have not been comprehensively characterized across the US. Such disparities in public drinking water contaminant exposures may directly contribute to inequalities in in utero exposures and inequalities in adverse birth outcomes. This proposal aims to (1) evaluate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in drinking water contaminant exposures across the US by developing novel nationwide public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates for over eighty regulated contaminants; (2) evaluate the contribution of estimated public drinking water metal exposures to measured in utero internal dose and infant health outcomes across three diverse birth cohorts; and (3) evaluate the impact of changes in national public drinking water regulations on infant health outcomes using a difference-in-differences approach, which can characterize the impact of federal drinking water regulatory changes on diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups in the US. In Aim 1, novel nationwide public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates will be derived primarily using data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Six Year Review of Contaminant Occurrence database, which contains compliance monitoring data for over 95% of public drinking water systems throughout the US. In Aim 2, novel public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates from Aim 1 are assigned to maternal-infant dyads in several diverse birth cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) nationwide consortium, a pioneering NIH funded consortium. In Aim 3, novel public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates from Aim 1 are assigned to birth records from the California Comprehensive Birth File to evaluate the impact of reducing water contaminant exposures (via federal regulatory change) on adverse birth outcomes. The proposed study responds directly to the NIH Strategic Plan 2020 aim to “Develop evidence- based interventions to reduce health disparities,” including “Understanding mechanisms that lead to health disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.”