Public Drinking Water Contaminants and Infant Health: Advancing Environmental Justice

项目摘要 该项目的目标是评估种族/族裔和社会经济不平等在#年的贡献。 公共饮用水污染物暴露于宫内水污染物暴露及随后的不良反应 美国(美国)的出生结果。公共饮用水污染物的潜在差距 美国各地的风险敞口还没有得到全面的描述。在公共场合饮酒的这种不平等 水污染物暴露可能直接导致宫内暴露的不平等和 不良的分娩结局。 该提案旨在(1)评估饮用水污染物中的种族/民族和社会经济不平等。 通过开发新的全国性公共饮用水污染物暴露来在全美范围内暴露 估计超过80种受管制污染物；(2)评估估计的公众饮酒的贡献 宫内测量的水中金属暴露剂量与婴儿健康结局 出生队列；以及(3)评估国家公共饮用水法规的变化对婴儿的影响 使用差异差异方法的健康结果，这可以表征联邦医疗保险的影响 美国对不同种族/民族和社会经济亚群的饮用水监管变化。在目标1中， 新的全国公共饮用水污染物暴露估计将主要使用数据得出 来自美国环境保护局的污染物发生情况六年回顾数据库，其中 包含全美超过95%的公共饮用水系统的合规监测数据。在AIM 来自目标1的新的公共饮用水污染物暴露估计被分配给母婴 《环境对儿童健康结局的影响》中几个不同出生队列中的二元体(ECHO) 全国财团，一个由NIH资助的先驱财团。在目标3中，新型公共饮用水污染物 AIM 1的暴露估计值被分配给加州出生综合档案中的出生记录，以 评估减少水污染物暴露(通过联邦法规改革)对不利出生的影响 结果。这项拟议的研究直接回应了美国国立卫生研究院2020年战略计划的目标，该计划旨在“开发证据-- 以减少健康差距为基础的干预措施，包括了解导致健康的机制 种族/族裔和社会经济地位方面的差异。

Project Summary The objective of this project is to evaluate the contribution of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in public drinking water contaminant exposures to in utero water contaminant exposures and subsequent adverse birth outcomes across the United States (US). Potential disparities in public drinking water contaminant exposures have not been comprehensively characterized across the US. Such disparities in public drinking water contaminant exposures may directly contribute to inequalities in in utero exposures and inequalities in adverse birth outcomes. This proposal aims to (1) evaluate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in drinking water contaminant exposures across the US by developing novel nationwide public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates for over eighty regulated contaminants; (2) evaluate the contribution of estimated public drinking water metal exposures to measured in utero internal dose and infant health outcomes across three diverse birth cohorts; and (3) evaluate the impact of changes in national public drinking water regulations on infant health outcomes using a difference-in-differences approach, which can characterize the impact of federal drinking water regulatory changes on diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups in the US. In Aim 1, novel nationwide public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates will be derived primarily using data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Six Year Review of Contaminant Occurrence database, which contains compliance monitoring data for over 95% of public drinking water systems throughout the US. In Aim 2, novel public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates from Aim 1 are assigned to maternal-infant dyads in several diverse birth cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) nationwide consortium, a pioneering NIH funded consortium. In Aim 3, novel public drinking water contaminant exposure estimates from Aim 1 are assigned to birth records from the California Comprehensive Birth File to evaluate the impact of reducing water contaminant exposures (via federal regulatory change) on adverse birth outcomes. The proposed study responds directly to the NIH Strategic Plan 2020 aim to “Develop evidence- based interventions to reduce health disparities,” including “Understanding mechanisms that lead to health disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.”