The Contributions of Education to Sex/Gender Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias

教育对阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的性别差异的影响

• 批准号: 10507266
• 负责人: Meghan Zacher
• 金额: $ 11.11万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10507266
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease care; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain Pathology; Characteristics; Cognitive; Complement; Delayed Memory; Economic Policy; Economics; Education; Educational Background; Fostering; Future; Gender; Gene Expression; Gerontology; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Policy; Health Services; Health and Retirement Study; High Prevalence; Hormones; Human; Impaired cognition; Inequality; Knowledge; Learning; Life Cycle Stages; Light; Link; Longevity; Mediating; Medicine; Memory Loss; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; Neurologic; Neurology; Occupational; Occupations; Pattern; Policies; Population; Population Study; Prevalence; Prevention; Psyche structure; Psychiatry; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Resources; Respondent; Role; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Sex Education; Shapes; Social Policies; Social Sciences; Sociology; Structure; Surveys; Time; Time trend; Training; Universities; Variant; Woman; Work; aging demography; career; cognitive reserve; college; comparative; gender disparity; health data; health practice; high school; higher education; medical schools; men; mid-career faculty; population health; professor; segregation; sex; sex disparity; skills; social; social determinants; social factors; social implication; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) relative to men. Prior research focuses overwhelmingly on sex-related biological explanations for this disparity, but the consequences of gender-related social and behavioral factors may also be considerable. The proposed research will make progress towards understanding these consequences through two Aims. Both Aims leverage data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel survey of older U.S. adults that includes information on respondents’ cognitive state as well as demographic, social and economic, and health-related characteristics. Aim 1 is to characterize the contributions of education to trends in AD/ADRD by sex/gender. Analyses will first document sex/gender-specific trends in AD/ADRD prevalence from 2000 to 2016. Variance decomposition will then be used to quantify how much of the observed changes in prevalence were due to changes in levels of education and to changes in effects of education on AD/ADRD. Aim 2 is to examine how education combines with work and occupation to produce patterns of AD/ADRD by sex/gender. First, patterns of workforce participation and occupational characteristics by sex/gender and education will be described. Path analysis will then be used to evaluate whether and how workforce participation and occupational characteristics mediate relationships between education and AD/ADRD for women and men. The proposed research builds on Dr. Zacher’s prior quantitative training and research on education, sex/gender, and health. It will also require Dr. Zacher to build additional expertise in aging, AD/ADRD, and demographic methods. Towards this end, Dr. Zacher will undertake extensive training during the K01 award period with the guidance of an impressive mentoring team led by Dr. Susan Short, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Population Studies and Training Center at Brown University. Co-mentors include Drs. Eileen Crimmins, AARP Professor of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; David Dosa, Associate Professor of Medicine and Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University; Richard Jones, Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University; and Vincent Mor, Florence Pirce Grant University Professor and Professor of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University. Dr. Zacher’s training will support her short-term goal of completing the proposed K01 research successfully while also preparing her for her long-term career goal of becoming an independent investigator and expert on the demography of aging and AD/ADRD, with a special focus on sex/gender and education.

项目总结/摘要 女性受阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆症的影响不成比例 (AD/ADRD）相对于男性。先前的研究主要集中在与性有关的生物学解释上， 这种差异，但与性别有关的社会和行为因素的后果也可能相当大。 拟议的研究将通过两个目标在理解这些后果方面取得进展。两 目标利用健康与退休研究的数据，这是一项对美国老年人的全国代表性小组调查。 成年人，包括关于受访者的认知状态以及人口、社会和经济状况的信息， 和健康相关的特征。目标1是描述教育对AD/ADRD趋势的贡献 按性别/性别。分析将首先记录从2000年到2010年AD/ADRD患病率的性别/性别特异性趋势。 2016.然后，将使用方差分解来量化观察到的患病率变化 是由于教育水平的变化和教育对AD/ADRD的影响的变化。目标二是 研究教育如何与工作和职业相结合，按性别/性别产生AD/ADRD模式。 首先，将按性别和教育分列劳动力参与模式和职业特点， 介绍了然后，将使用路径分析来评估劳动力参与和职业发展 性别特征介导了妇女和男子的教育与AD/ADRD之间的关系。 拟议的研究建立在Zacher博士先前对教育、性/性别、 与健康它还需要Zacher博士在老龄化、AD/ADRD和人口统计学方面建立额外的专业知识。 方法.为此，Zacher博士将在K 01授标期间与 一个令人印象深刻的指导团队的指导，由苏珊博士短，社会学教授和主任 布朗大学人口研究和培训中心。共同导师包括美国退休人员协会的艾琳·布雷明斯博士 老年学教授，南加州大学老年学伦纳德戴维斯学院;大卫多萨，副教授， 医学和卫生服务，政策和实践，布朗大学;理查德琼斯，神经病学教授 和精神病学和人类行为，沃伦阿尔珀特医学院，布朗大学;和文森特莫尔， 佛罗伦萨皮尔斯格兰特大学教授和卫生服务，政策和实践，布朗教授 大学Zacher博士的培训将支持她完成K 01研究的短期目标 成功，同时也为她成为一名独立调查员的长期职业目标做好准备， 老龄人口学和AD/ADRD专家，特别关注性/性别和教育。