The Contributions of Education to Sex/Gender Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias

教育对阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的性别差异的影响

• 批准号: 10666678
• 负责人: Meghan Zacher
• 金额: $ 12.44万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10666678
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease care; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biology; Brain Pathology; Characteristics; Cognitive; Complement; Delayed Memory; Disparity; Economic Policy; Economics; Education; Educational Status; Fostering; Future; Gender; Gene Expression; Gerontology; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Policy; Health Services; Health and Retirement Study; High Prevalence; Hormones; Human; Impaired cognition; Inequality; Knowledge; Learning; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Longevity; Mediating; Medicine; Memory Loss; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; Neurologic; Neurology; Occupational; Occupations; Pattern; Policies; Population; Population Study; Prevalence; Prevention; Psyche structure; Psychiatry; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Respondent; Risk Reduction; Role; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Sex Education; Shapes; Social Policies; Social Sciences; Sociology; Structure; Surveys; Time; Time trend; Training; Universities; Variant; Woman; Work; aging demography; career; cognitive reserve; college; comparative; gender disparity; health data; high school; higher education; medical schools; men; mid-career faculty; population health; professor; segregation; sex; sex disparity; skills; social; social determinants; social factors; social implication; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) relative to men. Prior research focuses overwhelmingly on sex-related biological explanations for this disparity, but the consequences of gender-related social and behavioral factors may also be considerable. The proposed research will make progress towards understanding these consequences through two Aims. Both Aims leverage data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative panel survey of older U.S. adults that includes information on respondents’ cognitive state as well as demographic, social and economic, and health-related characteristics. Aim 1 is to characterize the contributions of education to trends in AD/ADRD by sex/gender. Analyses will first document sex/gender-specific trends in AD/ADRD prevalence from 2000 to 2016. Variance decomposition will then be used to quantify how much of the observed changes in prevalence were due to changes in levels of education and to changes in effects of education on AD/ADRD. Aim 2 is to examine how education combines with work and occupation to produce patterns of AD/ADRD by sex/gender. First, patterns of workforce participation and occupational characteristics by sex/gender and education will be described. Path analysis will then be used to evaluate whether and how workforce participation and occupational characteristics mediate relationships between education and AD/ADRD for women and men. The proposed research builds on Dr. Zacher’s prior quantitative training and research on education, sex/gender, and health. It will also require Dr. Zacher to build additional expertise in aging, AD/ADRD, and demographic methods. Towards this end, Dr. Zacher will undertake extensive training during the K01 award period with the guidance of an impressive mentoring team led by Dr. Susan Short, Professor of Sociology and Director of the Population Studies and Training Center at Brown University. Co-mentors include Drs. Eileen Crimmins, AARP Professor of Gerontology, USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; David Dosa, Associate Professor of Medicine and Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University; Richard Jones, Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University; and Vincent Mor, Florence Pirce Grant University Professor and Professor of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University. Dr. Zacher’s training will support her short-term goal of completing the proposed K01 research successfully while also preparing her for her long-term career goal of becoming an independent investigator and expert on the demography of aging and AD/ADRD, with a special focus on sex/gender and education.

项目摘要/摘要 女性受阿尔茨海默病和阿尔茨海默病相关痴呆的影响不成比例 (AD/ADRD)相对于男性。先前的研究绝大多数集中在与性有关的生物学解释上 这种差异，但与性别相关的社会和行为因素的后果也可能是相当大的。 拟议的研究将通过两个目标在理解这些后果方面取得进展。两者都有 旨在利用健康和退休研究的数据，这是一项具有全国代表性的对美国老年人的小组调查。 成年人，包括受访者的认知状态以及人口、社会和经济方面的信息， 以及与健康相关的特征。目标1是描述教育对AD/ADRD趋势的贡献 按性别/性别。分析将首先记录从2000年到#年AD/ADRD患病率的性别/性别趋势。 2016年。然后使用方差分解来量化观察到的流行率变化的程度 是由于教育水平的变化和教育对AD/ADRD影响的变化。目标2是 审查教育如何与工作和职业相结合，产生按性别/性别划分的AD/ADRD模式。 第一，按性别/性别和受教育程度分列的劳动力参与模式和职业特征 描述。然后，将使用路径分析来评估员工是否以及如何参与和职业 男女受教育程度和AD/ADRD之间的关系由特征决定。 这项拟议的研究建立在扎切尔博士之前关于教育、性别/性别的量化培训和研究的基础上， 和健康。它还需要Zacher博士在老龄化、AD/ADRD和人口统计学方面建立更多的专业知识 方法：研究方法。为此，Zacher博士将在K01颁奖期间与 由社会学系教授兼该中心主任苏珊·肖特博士领导的令人印象深刻的指导团队的指导 布朗大学人口研究和培训中心。共同导师包括美国退休人员协会的艾琳·克里明斯博士 南加州大学伦纳德·戴维斯老年学学院老年学教授； 布朗大学医学和卫生服务、政策和实践；神经学教授理查德·琼斯 布朗大学沃伦·阿尔伯特医学院精神病学和人类行为；以及文森特·莫尔， 弗洛伦斯·皮尔斯·格兰特大学教授、卫生服务、政策和实践教授，布朗 大学。Zacher博士的培训将支持她完成拟议的K01研究的短期目标 成功的同时也让她为成为一名独立调查员的长期职业目标做好准备 老龄化和老年痴呆/老年残疾人口统计学专家，特别侧重于性别/性别和教育。