Mass Probation: Probation’s Individual and Community Effects on Mental Health Disparities

大规模缓刑：缓刑对个人和社区心理健康差异的影响

• 批准号: 10523109
• 负责人: Katherine Helen LeMasters
• 金额: $ 3.57万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-21 至 2023-12-20
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10523109
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Black American; Black race; Charge; Communities; Community Health; County; Criminal Justice; Data; Data Set; Disparity; Disparity population; Encapsulated; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Equation; Equipment and supply inventories; Fees; Fellowship; Future; Geography; Harm Reduction; Health; Health trends; Home visitation; Imprisonment; Income; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Low income; Mental Health; Modification; Movement; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; North Carolina; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Phase; Policies; Population; Public Health; Punishment; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Rural Community; Safety; Social Controls; Structural Models; Suicide; Supervision; System; Time; Time Series Analysis; Training; United States; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Woman; Work; Youth; career; convict; design; drug testing; experience; forgetting; health disparity; health disparity populations; health equity; improved; insight; lens; marginalized population; meetings; middle age; multiple data sources; parole; poor communities; population based; probation; racial disparity; racial health disparity; rurality; sex; skills; social; social epidemiology; spatial epidemiology; spatiotemporal; suicide rate; time use; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY: Mass incarceration - a system of social and racial control that affects those with criminal justice (CJ) contact and entire communities where it is concentrated - is a public health crisis. Incarceration worsens mental health (MH) and contributes to MH disparities across the life course given incarceration’s disproportionate impact on Black, low-income, and rural communities. Incarceration also has individual and community MH effects. Recognizing the negative health effects of incarceration, probation has been lauded as an alternative. In fact, 3.6 million individuals in the United States (US) are on probation, far more than the number incarcerated. Yet, it remains unclear what the effect of probation is on health, including MH. Because probation is so common and seen as an alternative to incarceration, it is essential to know if the deleterious effects of probation mirror those of incarceration. The objectives of this proposal are to (1) characterize longitudinal patterns of CJ involvement from adolescence to midlife by race, (2) evaluate the relationship between probation and MH and racial disparities in this relationship, and (3) evaluate temporal and geographic trends in the relationship between probation, race, and MH at the county level. For the first two objectives, to assess individual effects, The National Longitudinal Study of Youth97 will be used, which is a longitudinal, nationally representative data set of adolescents born from 1980- 1984 with data from adolescence through midlife. For the third objective, to assess community effects, North Carolina administrative data on probation, self-inflicted injury, and suicide will be used. The completion of the proposed aims will significantly advance our understanding of the relationship between CJ and health and has the potential to inform probation policies, provide valuable insights on probation’s community-wide effects, and inform interventions to improve MH among this often-forgotten population. The training plan outlined in this proposal will equip the applicant, Katherine LeMasters, with critical knowledge in mass incarceration and health disparities and with necessary skills in social and spatial epidemiology and in large population-based data and administrative data use. This plan will prepare her to successfully complete the proposed aims and to progress into a role as an independent, interdisciplinary researcher researching the intersection of mass incarceration and health equity in the US. The applicant is incredibly well supported by an interdisciplinary group of CJ researchers, epidemiologists, health disparities researchers, and health geographers with the requisite expertise to support her doctoral research and prepare her for the next phase of her career.

项目概要： 大规模监禁-社会和种族控制系统，影响那些与刑事司法（CJ）接触， 它集中的整个社区-是一场公共卫生危机。监禁影响心理健康（MH） 并导致整个生命过程中的MH差异，因为监禁对黑人的影响不成比例， 低收入和农村社区。监禁也对个人和社区的精神健康产生影响。认识 由于监禁对健康的负面影响，缓刑被誉为一种替代办法。事实上， 在美国，缓刑的人数远远超过监禁的人数。然而， 不清楚缓刑对健康的影响，包括MH。因为缓刑是如此普遍， 作为监禁的替代办法，必须知道缓刑的有害影响是否反映了 监禁。 本研究的目的是：（1）描述青少年CJ参与的纵向模式 （2）评估缓刑和MH之间的关系以及这方面的种族差异 关系，以及（3）评估缓刑，种族， 县一级的MH。对于前两个目标，为了评估个体效应，国家纵向研究 的Youth 97将被使用，这是一个纵向的，全国代表性的青少年数据集出生于1980年- 1984年，从青春期到中年的数据。第三个目标是评估社区影响，北 将使用卡罗莱纳关于缓刑、自残和自杀的行政数据。的完成 提出的目标将大大促进我们对CJ和健康之间关系的理解， 为缓刑政策提供信息的潜力，为缓刑的社区影响提供有价值的见解， 知情干预措施，以改善这一经常被遗忘的人口的心理健康。 本建议书中概述的培训计划将使申请人凯瑟琳·勒马斯特斯具备批判性知识 在大规模监禁和健康差距，并在社会和空间流行病学， 使用大量基于人口数据和行政数据。这个计划将使她做好准备，成功地完成 提出的目标，并逐步成为一个独立的，跨学科的研究人员研究的作用， 美国大规模监禁和健康公平的交叉点。申请人得到了令人难以置信的支持， 一个由CJ研究人员、流行病学家、健康差异研究人员和健康 地理学家与必要的专业知识，以支持她的博士研究，并准备她的下一阶段， 她的事业