Human Auditory Cortex Physiology

项目概要/摘要 语音是人类听到的最重要的声音，但我们对复杂声音的了解 听觉和听觉相关大脑区域的皮层网络对言语感知的促进作用是有限的。我们的 首要目标是了解语音信息在该网络中的表示位置和方式。的 该提案的重点是测试语音感知的直接预测编码模型。在预测编码中 假设，大脑将内部产生的期望与感觉之间的差异最小化 通过感觉和高阶皮质区域之间持续的相互作用进行观察。 我们使用互补的侵入性和非侵入性实验方法的新颖组合来研究 需要放置慢性颅内电极的神经外科患者的这些大脑区域。这些 实验涉及将直接皮层电生理记录方法与非侵入性相结合 脑电图、电刺激技术以及解剖和功能神经影像学 方法。我们还通过研究选择性的影响来获得网络功能特性的因果证据 破坏该网络特定组件的功能。我们的调查策略利用了这些 克服该研究领域长期存在的进步障碍的独特实验机会。 我们将通过测试以下方面的假设来实现我们的目标：(1) 位置、功能特性和 听觉皮质区以及颞叶和额叶听觉相关皮质的连接模式 从事语音处理，（2）该网络内语音信令的预测编码模型， (3) 选择性破坏网络的行为后果和神经特征。 这些目标是由经验丰富、具有专业知识的多学科研究人员小组追求的 涵盖所有必需的临床和研究主题领域。据我们所知，所得数据将是 第一个直接演示语音信息如何在听觉皮层的各个级别处理的 层次结构并提供反馈预测对语音信息处理的作用的因果证据 在规范听觉皮层内。该网络的详细表征将提高我们对网络的理解 影响该系统的疾病状态的病理生理学并将提供所需的机制见解 为新治疗策略的设计提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speech sounds are the most important sounds that humans hear, yet our knowledge of how the complex cortical network of auditory and auditory-related brain regions subserves speech perception is limited. Our overarching goal is to understand where and how speech information is represented within this network. The focus of this proposal is to test directly predictive coding models of speech perception. In predictive coding hypotheses, the brain minimizes the differences between internally generated expectations and sensory observations through an ongoing interaction between sensory and higher-order cortical regions. We use novel combinations of complementary invasive and non-invasive experimental methods to study these brain regions in neurosurgery patients who require placement of chronic intracranial electrodes. These experiments involve combining direct cortical electrophysiological recording methods with non-invasive electroencephalography, electrical stimulation techniques and anatomical and functional neuroimaging methods. We also obtain causal evidence of network functional properties by studying the effects of selectively disrupting the function of specific components of this network. Our investigative strategy makes use of these unique experimental opportunities to overcome long-standing barriers to progress in this research field. We will pursue our goals by testing hypotheses regarding: (1) the locations, functional properties and connectivity patterns of auditory cortical fields and auditory-related cortices of the temporal and frontal lobes that are engaged in speech processing, (2) predictive coding models of speech signaling within this network, and (3) the behavioral consequences and neural signatures of selective disruption of the network. These objectives are pursued by an experienced multidisciplinary group of investigators with expertise encompassing all required clinical and research topic areas. To our knowledge, the resulting data will be the first of its kind to directly demonstrate how speech information is processed at all levels of auditory cortical hierarchy and provide causal evidence of the role of feedback projections on speech information processing within canonical auditory cortex. Detailed characterization of this network will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease states affecting this system and will provide mechanistic insights that are required to inform the design of new treatment strategies.