Human Auditory Cortex Physiology

项目摘要/摘要 语音是人类听到的最重要的声音，但我们的知识是如何复杂的 听觉和听觉相关脑区的皮质网络对言语感知的作用是有限的。我们的 首要目标是了解语音信息在此网络中的位置和方式。这个 该方案的重点是直接测试语音感知的预测编码模型。在预测编码中 假设，大脑将内部产生的预期和感觉之间的差异最小化 通过感觉区域和高级皮质区域之间的持续相互作用进行观察。 我们使用新的组合，互补的有创和无创实验方法来研究 需要放置慢性颅内电极的神经外科患者的这些脑区。这些 实验包括将直接皮层电生理记录方法与非侵入性方法相结合 脑电图学、电刺激技术、解剖和功能神经成像 方法：研究方法。我们还通过研究选择性的影响得到了网络泛函性质的因果证据 扰乱此网络的特定组件的功能。我们的调查策略利用了这些 克服这一研究领域长期存在的障碍的独特实验机会。 我们将通过测试以下假设来实现我们的目标：(1)位置、功能属性和 颞叶和额叶听觉皮层和听觉相关皮层的连接模式 从事语音处理，(2)该网络内的语音信令的预测编码模型， 以及(3)选择性破坏网络的行为后果和神经特征。 这些目标是由一个经验丰富的具有专业知识的多学科调查小组来实现的 涵盖所有必需的临床和研究课题领域。据我们所知，结果数据将是 第一次直接演示语音信息是如何在所有级别的听觉皮质中处理的 并提供反馈投影在语音信息处理中的作用的因果证据 在标准的听觉皮质内。对这一网络的详细描述将提高我们对 影响这一系统的疾病状态的病理生理学，并将提供所需的机械性见解 为设计新的治疗策略提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speech sounds are the most important sounds that humans hear, yet our knowledge of how the complex cortical network of auditory and auditory-related brain regions subserves speech perception is limited. Our overarching goal is to understand where and how speech information is represented within this network. The focus of this proposal is to test directly predictive coding models of speech perception. In predictive coding hypotheses, the brain minimizes the differences between internally generated expectations and sensory observations through an ongoing interaction between sensory and higher-order cortical regions. We use novel combinations of complementary invasive and non-invasive experimental methods to study these brain regions in neurosurgery patients who require placement of chronic intracranial electrodes. These experiments involve combining direct cortical electrophysiological recording methods with non-invasive electroencephalography, electrical stimulation techniques and anatomical and functional neuroimaging methods. We also obtain causal evidence of network functional properties by studying the effects of selectively disrupting the function of specific components of this network. Our investigative strategy makes use of these unique experimental opportunities to overcome long-standing barriers to progress in this research field. We will pursue our goals by testing hypotheses regarding: (1) the locations, functional properties and connectivity patterns of auditory cortical fields and auditory-related cortices of the temporal and frontal lobes that are engaged in speech processing, (2) predictive coding models of speech signaling within this network, and (3) the behavioral consequences and neural signatures of selective disruption of the network. These objectives are pursued by an experienced multidisciplinary group of investigators with expertise encompassing all required clinical and research topic areas. To our knowledge, the resulting data will be the first of its kind to directly demonstrate how speech information is processed at all levels of auditory cortical hierarchy and provide causal evidence of the role of feedback projections on speech information processing within canonical auditory cortex. Detailed characterization of this network will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease states affecting this system and will provide mechanistic insights that are required to inform the design of new treatment strategies.