Human Auditory Cortex Physiology

项目总结/摘要 语音是人类听到的最重要的声音，但我们对复杂的声音是如何产生的 听觉和听觉相关脑区的皮层网络有助于语音感知是有限的。我们 首要目标是了解语音信息在该网络中的位置和方式。的 该建议的焦点是直接测试语音感知的预测编码模型。在预测编码中 假设，大脑最小化内部产生的期望和感官之间的差异 通过感觉和高阶皮层区域之间的持续相互作用进行观察。 我们使用互补的侵入性和非侵入性实验方法的新组合来研究 这些脑区域在需要放置慢性颅内电极的神经外科患者中。这些 实验涉及将直接皮层电生理记录方法与非侵入性 脑电图、电刺激技术以及解剖和功能神经成像 方法.我们还通过选择性地研究 破坏了这个网络的特定组件的功能。我们的调查策略利用这些 独特的实验机会，以克服长期存在的障碍，在这一研究领域的进展。 我们将通过测试以下假设来实现我们的目标：（1）位置，功能特性和 颞叶和额叶听觉皮层场和听觉相关皮层的连接模式 参与语音处理，（2）该网络内语音信令的预测编码模型， （3）选择性破坏网络的行为后果和神经特征。 这些目标是由一个经验丰富、具有专门知识的多学科调查小组实现的。 涵盖所有必需的临床和研究主题领域。据我们所知，产生的数据将是 这是第一次直接展示语音信息是如何在听觉皮层的各个层面进行处理的 层次结构，并提供反馈投射对语音信息处理的作用的因果证据 在典型的听觉皮层中。对该网络的详细描述将提高我们对 影响该系统的疾病状态的病理生理学，并将提供所需的机制见解 为设计新的治疗策略提供信息。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speech sounds are the most important sounds that humans hear, yet our knowledge of how the complex cortical network of auditory and auditory-related brain regions subserves speech perception is limited. Our overarching goal is to understand where and how speech information is represented within this network. The focus of this proposal is to test directly predictive coding models of speech perception. In predictive coding hypotheses, the brain minimizes the differences between internally generated expectations and sensory observations through an ongoing interaction between sensory and higher-order cortical regions. We use novel combinations of complementary invasive and non-invasive experimental methods to study these brain regions in neurosurgery patients who require placement of chronic intracranial electrodes. These experiments involve combining direct cortical electrophysiological recording methods with non-invasive electroencephalography, electrical stimulation techniques and anatomical and functional neuroimaging methods. We also obtain causal evidence of network functional properties by studying the effects of selectively disrupting the function of specific components of this network. Our investigative strategy makes use of these unique experimental opportunities to overcome long-standing barriers to progress in this research field. We will pursue our goals by testing hypotheses regarding: (1) the locations, functional properties and connectivity patterns of auditory cortical fields and auditory-related cortices of the temporal and frontal lobes that are engaged in speech processing, (2) predictive coding models of speech signaling within this network, and (3) the behavioral consequences and neural signatures of selective disruption of the network. These objectives are pursued by an experienced multidisciplinary group of investigators with expertise encompassing all required clinical and research topic areas. To our knowledge, the resulting data will be the first of its kind to directly demonstrate how speech information is processed at all levels of auditory cortical hierarchy and provide causal evidence of the role of feedback projections on speech information processing within canonical auditory cortex. Detailed characterization of this network will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease states affecting this system and will provide mechanistic insights that are required to inform the design of new treatment strategies.