Human Auditory Cortex Physiology

人类听觉皮层生理学

• 批准号: 8574499
• 负责人: Matthew A. Howard
• 金额: $ 57.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8574499
• 关键词: Acoustics; Affect; Anterior; Area; Auditory; Auditory Evoked Potentials; Auditory area; Auditory system; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebral cortex; Classification; Communication impairment; Complex; Data; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Evoked Potentials; Exhibits; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; General Anesthesia; Goals; Hearing; Human; Impairment; Implant; Individual; Intractable Epilepsy; Knowledge; Language; Lateral; Location; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Methods; Modeling; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Phonetics; Physiological; Physiology; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Research; Research Methodology; Resolution; Response Latencies; Series; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Structure; Superior temporal gyrus; Surface; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; awake; base; design; experience; human subject; insight; multidisciplinary; novel therapeutics; programs; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; research clinical testing; research study; response; sound; speech processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Speech sounds are the most important sounds that we hear; yet little is known about how these stimuli are represented by neural activity within human auditory cortex. The goal of our research is to understand the functional organization and connections of those areas of human cerebral cortex that are engaged in sound processing and examine how auditory speech stimuli are represented in these regions. These experiments involve combining anatomical and functional MRI methods with direct cortical electrophysiological recordings and electrical stimulation techniques in awake, behaving human subjects undergoing clinical evaluation of intractable epilepsy. We will pursue our goals by testing a series of specific hypotheses regarding: (1) the locations and functional properties of auditory cortical fields; (2) the manner in which evoked responses to speech stimuli are represented and transformed within these fields; and (3) the functional connections and patterns of information flow between these fields. These objectives are pursued by an experienced multidisciplinary team using combinations of non-invasive MRI and direct investigative methods in order to gather complementary sets of human physiological and anatomical data in the same experimental subjects. These data cannot be obtained using non-invasive methods alone, and this multi-modal experimental approach is designed to overcome significant barriers that currently impede research progress in this field. To our knowledge, if our objectives are achieved, the resulting data will be the first of its kind demonstrating directly how acoustic and phonetic speech information is represented by neural activity within multiple physiologically-defined auditory fields of the superior temporal plane and lateral superior temporal gyrus as subjects engage in psychophysical speech-processing tasks. We pursue these research objectives believing that knowledge of the fundamental structure and function of the normal human auditory system is essential to understanding mechanism that underlie impairment of all aspects of hearing, speech, and language.

描述（由申请人提供）：语音是我们听到的最重要的声音；然而，人们对这些刺激是如何通过人类听觉皮层的神经活动来表现的知之甚少。我们的研究目标是了解人类大脑皮层中参与声音处理的区域的功能组织和联系，并研究听觉语言刺激在这些区域的表现方式。这些实验包括将解剖和功能MRI方法与直接皮层电生理记录和电刺激技术结合起来，在清醒的、行为正常的人类受试者中进行难治性癫痫的临床评估。我们将通过测试一系列关于以下方面的具体假设来实现我们的目标：(1)听觉皮层场的位置和功能特性；(2)对言语刺激的诱发反应在这些场域中表现和转换的方式；(3)这些领域之间的功能联系和信息流模式。这些目标是由一个经验丰富的多学科团队通过非侵入性MRI和直接调查方法的结合来实现的，以便在同一实验对象中收集互补的人体生理和解剖数据集。这些数据不能单独使用非侵入性方法获得，这种多模态实验方法旨在克服目前阻碍该领域研究进展的重大障碍。据我们所知，如果我们的目标得以实现，所得到的数据将是第一个直接展示声学和语音语音信息是如何在受试者从事心理物理语音处理任务时，由颞上平面和外侧颞上回的多个生理定义的听觉场中的神经活动来表示的。我们追求这些研究目标，相信了解正常人类听觉系统的基本结构和功能对于理解听力、言语和语言各方面损伤的机制至关重要。