Language-specific and language-general mechanisms in bilingual aphasic individuals

项目摘要/摘要 会说多种语言是世界上大多数人的常态。然而，对 多语种的神经基础与人口统计学的相关性并不相称 人口。在很大程度上，这是由于传统上较低的社会经济或移民地位。 会说多种语言的人。因此，缺乏关于本组织的基本知识， 双语大脑中语言之间的相互作用。这种知识的缺乏对 为患有神经疾病的双语患者计划行为和手术治疗：目前正在进行 不清楚哪些皮质组织需要保留，以及每种语言的目标数量和频率 为最大限度地恢复双语者脑损伤后的语言功能。因此，迫切需要 为了更好地了解多语言个体的语言是如何组织的以及它们是如何交互的 在不同的表达水平上提供信息，以制定最大限度地发挥潜在语言能力的策略 到2040年，美国人口中的大多数将是脑损伤后的康复。这个 拟议的项目将通过结合对失语症和健康西班牙语的研究来解决这一知识差距。 英语双语个体在行为和功能磁共振任务中创造理论和实践相互作用的共生 相互通知。具体地说，该项目将调查中风后失语症双语者的缺陷类型 在词汇层面(即，单词层面；目标1A)，以及在形态句法层面(即，单词是如何 组合成有意义的短语/句子结构；目的1)通过对自发演讲的分析 语料库。从这些分析得出的结论的有效性将被测试和确认 行为实验(目标1C)。目标2将通过组合以这些过程的神经基础为目标 卒中后失语双语者基于体素的病变-症状标测(Aim 2A)和健康人的fMRI分析 双语个人(目标2B)。关键是，通过结合对大型语音语料库的研究，有针对性地进行实验 范式和神经成像研究，拟议的项目有可能获得全面的 描述不同语言水平的双语个体的语言组织。此信息将 构成随后制定理论上知情的语言恢复战略的第一步，以及 为大脑受损的双语个体的需求和特征量身定做的方案。因此，成功的 完成本提案中列出的项目将为制定以下战略奠定基础 在即将成为大多数的人口群体中，最大限度地提高脑损伤后语言恢复的潜力 美国人口的一部分。这一奖项也将为候选人提供，他在认知方面有很强的背景 神经科学和电生理学方法，以及在患者测试和神经成像方面的关键培训 方法，以促进向独立研究事业的成功过渡。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speaking multiple languages is the norm for the majority of the population of the world. However, research on the neural bases of multilingualism has not been commensurate with the demographic relevance of this population. In no small part, this has been due to the traditionally lower socioeconomic or immigrant status of multilingual individuals. Consequently, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the organization and interaction between languages in the bilingual brain. This lack of knowledge has appalling implications for planning behavioral and surgical treatments for bilingual individuals with neurological disorders: it is currently unclear which cortical tissue needs to be spared, and how much and how often each language should be targeted to maximize recovered language function after brain damage in bilingual individuals. Thus, there is a critical need to obtain a better understanding of how multilingual individuals’ languages are organized and how they interact at different levels of representation to inform the development of strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will be the majority of the US population by 2040. The proposed project will address this gap in knowledge by combining the study of aphasic and healthy Spanish- English bilingual individuals in behavioral and fMRI tasks to create a symbiosis where theory and praxis mutually inform each other. Specifically, the project will investigate the typology of deficits in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals at the lexical level (i.e., single-word level; Aim 1A), and at the morphosyntactic level (i.e., how words are combined into meaningful phrasal/sentential structures; Aim 1B) through the analysis of a spontaneous speech corpus. The validity of the conclusions derived from these analyses will be tested and confirmed with tailored behavioral experiments (Aim 1C). Aim 2 will target the neural bases of these processes through a combination of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals (Aim 2A) and fMRI analysis of healthy bilingual individuals (Aim 2B). Critically, by combining the study of a large speech corpus, targeted experimental paradigms, and neuroimaging research, the proposed project holds the potential to obtain a comprehensive characterization of bilingual individuals’ language organization across linguistic levels. This information will constitute the first step to subsequently develop theoretically informed language recovery strategies, and protocols tailored to the needs and characteristics of brain damaged bilingual individuals. Thus, the successful accomplishment of the projects laid out in this proposal will establish the basis to develop strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will soon be the majority of the US population. This award will also provide the candidate, who has a strong background in cognitive neuroscience and electrophysiological methods, with critical training in patient testing and neuroimaging methods, to promote a successful transition to an independent research career.