Language-specific and language-general mechanisms in bilingual aphasic individuals

项目总结/摘要 说多种语言是世界上大多数人的常态。然而，研究 多语言的神经基础与人口统计学相关性不相称， 人口在很大程度上，这是由于传统上较低的社会经济地位或移民地位， 多语言的人。因此，缺乏对本组织的基本了解， 双语大脑中语言之间的相互作用。这种知识的缺乏对以下方面产生了可怕的影响： 为患有神经系统疾病的双语个体规划行为和手术治疗：目前 目前还不清楚哪种皮层组织需要保留，以及每种语言应该保留多少和多久一次 最大限度地恢复双语个体脑损伤后的语言功能。因此， 更好地了解多语种个人的语言是如何组织的，以及它们是如何相互作用的。 在不同的代表级别，以告知最大限度地发挥潜在语言的战略发展 到2040年，这一人口群体将成为美国人口的大多数。的 拟议的项目将通过结合失语症和健康西班牙语的研究来解决这一知识差距， 英语双语个体在行为和功能磁共振成像任务中创造一种理论和实践相互共生的关系 互相通知。具体而言，该项目将调查中风后失语症双语者的缺陷类型 在词汇级（即，单字水平; Aim 1A），以及在形态句法水平（即，文字是如何 组合成有意义的短语/句子结构;目的1B）通过分析一个自发的演讲 语料库这些分析得出的结论的有效性将通过定制的 行为实验（Aim 1C）。Aim 2将通过组合来针对这些过程的神经基础 脑卒中后失语症双语患者（Aim 2A）的基于体素的病变-症状映射和健康人的fMRI分析 双语人士（目标2B）。关键是，通过结合大型语音语料库的研究，有针对性地进行实验 范例和神经影像学研究，拟议的项目有可能获得全面的 双语个体在不同语言层次上的语言组织特征。这些信息将 构成第一步，随后制定理论上知情的语言恢复策略， 针对大脑受损双语个体的需求和特点制定的协议。成功者， 本提案中所列项目的完成将为制定战略奠定基础， 最大限度地提高脑损伤后的语言恢复潜力， 的美国人口。这个奖项还将提供候选人，谁拥有强大的背景，在认知 神经科学和电生理学方法，在患者测试和神经成像方面进行了严格的培训 方法，以促进成功过渡到一个独立的研究生涯。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speaking multiple languages is the norm for the majority of the population of the world. However, research on the neural bases of multilingualism has not been commensurate with the demographic relevance of this population. In no small part, this has been due to the traditionally lower socioeconomic or immigrant status of multilingual individuals. Consequently, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the organization and interaction between languages in the bilingual brain. This lack of knowledge has appalling implications for planning behavioral and surgical treatments for bilingual individuals with neurological disorders: it is currently unclear which cortical tissue needs to be spared, and how much and how often each language should be targeted to maximize recovered language function after brain damage in bilingual individuals. Thus, there is a critical need to obtain a better understanding of how multilingual individuals’ languages are organized and how they interact at different levels of representation to inform the development of strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will be the majority of the US population by 2040. The proposed project will address this gap in knowledge by combining the study of aphasic and healthy Spanish- English bilingual individuals in behavioral and fMRI tasks to create a symbiosis where theory and praxis mutually inform each other. Specifically, the project will investigate the typology of deficits in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals at the lexical level (i.e., single-word level; Aim 1A), and at the morphosyntactic level (i.e., how words are combined into meaningful phrasal/sentential structures; Aim 1B) through the analysis of a spontaneous speech corpus. The validity of the conclusions derived from these analyses will be tested and confirmed with tailored behavioral experiments (Aim 1C). Aim 2 will target the neural bases of these processes through a combination of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals (Aim 2A) and fMRI analysis of healthy bilingual individuals (Aim 2B). Critically, by combining the study of a large speech corpus, targeted experimental paradigms, and neuroimaging research, the proposed project holds the potential to obtain a comprehensive characterization of bilingual individuals’ language organization across linguistic levels. This information will constitute the first step to subsequently develop theoretically informed language recovery strategies, and protocols tailored to the needs and characteristics of brain damaged bilingual individuals. Thus, the successful accomplishment of the projects laid out in this proposal will establish the basis to develop strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will soon be the majority of the US population. This award will also provide the candidate, who has a strong background in cognitive neuroscience and electrophysiological methods, with critical training in patient testing and neuroimaging methods, to promote a successful transition to an independent research career.