Language-specific and language-general mechanisms in bilingual aphasic individuals

双语失语症个体的语言特异性和语言一般机制

• 批准号: 10837180
• 负责人: Esti Blanco-Elorrieta
• 金额: $ 24.88万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10837180
• 关键词: Address; Age; Anatomy; Aphasia; Architecture; Award; Behavioral; Boston; Brain; Brain Injuries; Censuses; Characteristics; Cognitive; Communication; Communication impairment; Data; Data Set; Development; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Immigrant; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Lesion; Linguistics; Link; Location; Maps; Massachusetts; Mentors; Methods; Multilingualism; Neurobiology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Patients; Population; Process; Production; Protocols documentation; Quality of life; Recovery; Research; Retrieval; Sampling; Site; Speech; Structure; Supervision; Symbiosis; Symptoms; System; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Training; Typology; Universities; Work; base; bilingualism; career; cognitive neuroscience; design; experience; experimental study; improved; language impairment; language processing; lexical; low socioeconomic status; nervous system disorder; neural; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; novel; patient population; phrases; post stroke; prevent; remediation; socioeconomics; stroke-induced aphasia; synergism; theories; treatment planning

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Speaking multiple languages is the norm for the majority of the population of the world. However, research on the neural bases of multilingualism has not been commensurate with the demographic relevance of this population. In no small part, this has been due to the traditionally lower socioeconomic or immigrant status of multilingual individuals. Consequently, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the organization and interaction between languages in the bilingual brain. This lack of knowledge has appalling implications for planning behavioral and surgical treatments for bilingual individuals with neurological disorders: it is currently unclear which cortical tissue needs to be spared, and how much and how often each language should be targeted to maximize recovered language function after brain damage in bilingual individuals. Thus, there is a critical need to obtain a better understanding of how multilingual individuals’ languages are organized and how they interact at different levels of representation to inform the development of strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will be the majority of the US population by 2040. The proposed project will address this gap in knowledge by combining the study of aphasic and healthy Spanish- English bilingual individuals in behavioral and fMRI tasks to create a symbiosis where theory and praxis mutually inform each other. Specifically, the project will investigate the typology of deficits in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals at the lexical level (i.e., single-word level; Aim 1A), and at the morphosyntactic level (i.e., how words are combined into meaningful phrasal/sentential structures; Aim 1B) through the analysis of a spontaneous speech corpus. The validity of the conclusions derived from these analyses will be tested and confirmed with tailored behavioral experiments (Aim 1C). Aim 2 will target the neural bases of these processes through a combination of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in post-stroke aphasic bilinguals (Aim 2A) and fMRI analysis of healthy bilingual individuals (Aim 2B). Critically, by combining the study of a large speech corpus, targeted experimental paradigms, and neuroimaging research, the proposed project holds the potential to obtain a comprehensive characterization of bilingual individuals’ language organization across linguistic levels. This information will constitute the first step to subsequently develop theoretically informed language recovery strategies, and protocols tailored to the needs and characteristics of brain damaged bilingual individuals. Thus, the successful accomplishment of the projects laid out in this proposal will establish the basis to develop strategies that maximize potential language recovery after brain damage in a demographic group that will soon be the majority of the US population. This award will also provide the candidate, who has a strong background in cognitive neuroscience and electrophysiological methods, with critical training in patient testing and neuroimaging methods, to promote a successful transition to an independent research career.

项目摘要/摘要 说多种语言是世界大多数人口的常态。但是，研究 多语言主义的神经基础与人口相关性并不相称 人口。在很大程度上，这是由于传统上较低的社会经济或移民地位 多语言个人。因此，关于组织和 双语大脑中语言之间的互动。缺乏知识对 针对患有神经系统疾病的双语患者的行为和外科手术治疗：目前是 不清楚需要保留哪种皮质组织，以及每种语言应定位的多少和频率 在双语个体中，脑损伤后最大化恢复的语言功能。那是急需的 为了更好地了解多语言个人的语言以及他们如何互动 在不同级别的表示方面，以告知最大化潜在语言的策略的制定 到2040年，人群中的大部分人口群体中的脑损伤后恢复。 拟议的项目将通过结合失语和健康的西班牙语的研究来解决这一知识的差距 在行为和功能磁共振成像任务中的英语双语个人，以创建共生理论和实践相互共生 互相告知。具体而言，该项目将调查触摸后双语者中缺陷的类型 在词汇级别（即单词级别； AIM 1A）和形态句法级别（即单词是如何的 合并成有意义的短语/句子结构；目标1b）通过分析发起的演讲 语料库。这些分析得出的结论的有效性将经过量身定制的测试和确认 行为实验（AIM 1C）。 AIM 2将通过组合瞄准这些过程的神经碱基 触觉后双语（AIM 2A）和健康状况分析中基于体素病变症状映射 双语个人（目标2b）。至关重要的是，通过将大型语音语料库的研究结合起来，有针对性的实验 范式和神经影像学研究，拟议的项目具有获得全面的潜力 跨语言层面的双语个人语言组织的表征。这些信息将 构成随后制定理论知情语言恢复策略的第一步，并 根据大脑损坏的双语个体的需求和特征量身定制的协议。那，成功 在本提案中提出的项目的完成将建立基础，以制定战略 在一个人口统计组中，大脑损害后的潜在语言恢复最大化，这将很快成为多数 美国人口。该奖项还将为候选人提供认知背景强大的候选人 神经科学和电生理方法，在患者测试和神经影像学方面进行了严格的训练 方法，以促进成功过渡到独立研究职业。