Sensory-motor strategies for odor-guided navigation

项目概要 动物通过动态、迭代的感觉运动过程与世界互动，这些过程指导着它们 持续的运动。气味引导导航是基本自然行为的基础，例如 寻找食物来源，但人们对适应适应性的感觉信号的性质知之甚少 运动的变化。在这里，我们建议测试分布式活动如何编码空间信息 嗅球中的信息，以及这些信息如何被高阶大脑区域解码。嗅觉采样 通过“嗅”发生——离散的感官样本被认为可以提供当前气味的快照 环境。一种可能性是动物通过比较强度来提升浓度梯度 穿过连续的嗅觉。另一个是方向信息可能存在于左右“立体声”中 半球之间的比较。为了解决这个问题，我们使用新的成像工具来可视化大 参与气味引导搜索的小鼠嗅球两个半球的活动动态变化。 我们还描述了解码该空间的下游电路中的功能计算 信息，使用全细胞记录和光遗传学刺激来建立双边规则 突触整合以及高分辨率体内光刺激映射来测量交叉 完整电路中的半球相互作用。最后，我们在过程中使用光遗传学活动操作 气味引导搜索，测试交叉嗅闻与左右“立体”比较在快速驾驶中的因果作用 运动调整。这些数据将共同帮助建立感觉运动算法 是关键行为学行为的基础，并为更广泛地探索动物如何 利用感官线索来驾驭复杂的自然环境。

Project Summary Animals interact with the world through dynamic, iterative sensory-motor processes that guide their ongoing movement. Odor-guided navigation is the basis for fundamental natural behaviors such as finding food sources, but little is known about the nature of the sensory signals that inform adaptive changes in locomotion. Here we propose to test how spatial information is encoded by distributed activity in the olfactory bulb, and how this information is decoded by higher-order brain areas. Olfactory sampling occurs through ‘sniffs’ – discrete sensory samples thought to provide a snapshot of the current odor environment. One possibility is that animals ascend concentration gradients by comparing intensity across successive sniffs. Another is that directional information may be present in left-right ‘stereo’ comparisons between hemispheres. To address this issue, we use new imaging tools to visualize large- scale activity dynamics over both hemispheres of olfactory bulb in mice engaged in odor-guided search. We also characterize functional computations in the downstream circuits that decode this spatial information, using whole cell recordings and optogenetic stimulation to establish rules for bilateral synaptic integration, as well as high-resolution in vivo photostimulation mapping to measure cross- hemisphere interactions in the intact circuit. Finally, we use optogenetic activity manipulations during odor-guided search to test the causal role of cross-sniff vs. left-right ‘stereo’ comparisons in driving rapid locomotor adjustments. Together, these data will help establish the sensory-motor algorithms that underlie a key ethological behavior, and provide a foundation for a wider exploration of how animals exploit sensory cues to navigate complex natural environments.