Psychosocial Risk and Resilience Mechanisms Underlying Diversity in Midlife Health, Well-Being, and Cognition

中年健康、福祉和认知多样性背后的心理社会风险和弹性机制

• 批准号: 10538963
• 负责人: Denis Gerstorf
• 金额: $ 53.86万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10538963
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Adult Children; Age; Aging; Area; Asia; Asian; Automobile Driving; Behavioral Mechanisms; Belief; Caring; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Comprehensive Health Care; Data; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Drug usage; Education; Europe; European; Exhibits; Face; Family; Family Study; Family member; Future; Gender; Generations; Germany; Health; Health behavior; Healthcare Systems; Hour; Income; Individual; Intervention; Life; Light; Mediation; Mexico; Modeling; North America; Outcome; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Physical activity; Policies; Population; Prevention; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Race; Reporting; Research; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Savings; Social Controls; Social support; Societies; South Korea; Vertebral column; Work; aged; caregiving; cohort; disability; disadvantaged population; driving force; economic value; health care service utilization; health difference; informal care; insight; intergenerational; middle age; multilevel analysis; novel; peer; physical conditioning; psychosocial; psychosocial resources; resilience; safety net; social factors; sociodemographics; trend

Project Summary/Abstract Large segments of current US middle-aged adults are suffering and doing more poorly than earlier-born cohorts43,65. These trends are distinct to the US. Several studies have documented that compared to Asian and European nations, US middle-aged adults exhibit higher rates of disability and chronic illness than same-aged peers6,10,73. Despite known differences between the US and other nations, little research has examined the mechanisms underlying diversity in midlife development and individual-level characteristics that either magnify or mitigate differences. Our objective is to use the HRS family of studies to identify the intergenerational, financial, and health behavior mechanisms driving diversity in midlife development and whether they differ across individual-level characteristics that span socio-demographics (i.e., education, gender, and race) and psychosocial resources (i.e., social support and control beliefs). Our specific aims are: (1) describe similarities and differences in midlife development of health, well-being, and cognition across multiple nations; (2) investigate the intergenerational, financial, and health behavior mechanisms driving diversity in midlife development; and (3) to examine the role of individual-level characteristics that moderate diversity in midlife development. To address our research questions, multilevel models will be applied to harmonized longitudinal data (collected from early 1990s to present day) from 17 nations across North America, Asia, and Europe. Each dataset contains national samples that are repeatedly assessed on interdisciplinary outcomes. The achievable outcome of Aim 1 is to comprehensively examine similarities and differences between the US trends and those obtained for other high-income nations. For Aim 2, we draw from the research team's conceptual and empirical research55,61 to investigate whether changing intergenerational relationships, increased financial vulnerabilities and a shrinking health behavior safety net are driving diversity in midlife development within- and between-nations. For Aim 3, we will target key questions of diversity by identifying population segments within and across nations who are most vulnerable and identify malleable protective resources to promote better positive midlife development. This project will provide novel insights into identifying the intergenerational, financial, and health behavior mechanisms underlying diversity in midlife development and whether they are operating similarly across nations with different policy contexts. For example, in nations with less comprehensive health care, such as the US, health behavior factors could be a driving force as opposed to nations with a national health care system. Similarly, we will uncover whether greater intergenerational dependency in the form of increased contact and financial transfers are a more potent mechanism in nations with less encompassing family and work policies. Findings from our project will also shed light on factors that can promote resilient outcomes and inform future prevention and intervention efforts.

项目总结/摘要 目前美国中年人中有很大一部分人比早期出生的人更痛苦， cohorts43，65.这些趋势与美国截然不同。一些研究表明，与亚洲和 欧洲国家，美国中年人比同龄人表现出更高的残疾和慢性疾病率 同龄人6，10，73尽管美国和其他国家之间存在已知的差异，但很少有研究对 中年发展和个人水平特征的多样性背后的机制， 或减少分歧。我们的目标是使用HRS系列研究来识别代际， 金融和健康行为机制推动中年发展的多样性，以及它们是否不同 跨越跨越社会人口统计学的个体水平特征（即，教育、性别和种族）， 心理社会资源（即，社会支持和控制信念）。我们的具体目标是：（1）描述相似性 以及多个国家中年健康、幸福和认知发展的差异;（2） 调查推动中年多样性的代际，财务和健康行为机制 发展;和（3）检查个人水平的特点，适度的多样性，在中年的作用 发展为了解决我们的研究问题，多水平模型将被应用于协调纵向 数据（从20世纪90年代初至今收集）来自北美，亚洲和欧洲的17个国家。 每个数据集都包含国家样本，这些样本根据跨学科成果进行了反复评估。的 目标1的一个可实现的结果是全面审查美国与 趋势和其他高收入国家的趋势。对于目标2，我们从研究团队的 概念和实证研究55，61，以调查是否改变代际关系， 金融脆弱性的增加和健康行为安全网的缩小正在推动中年人的多样性 国内和国际发展。对于目标3，我们将针对多样性的关键问题， 国家内部和国家之间最脆弱的人口群体， 资源，以促进更好的积极的中年发展。该项目将提供新的见解， 中年发展多样性背后的代际、财务和健康行为机制 以及它们是否在政策背景不同的国家中以类似的方式运作。例如，在国家 在美国这样的医疗保健不太全面的国家，健康行为因素可能是一种驱动力， 与拥有全国医疗保健系统的国家相反。同样，我们将揭示， 以增加接触和资金转移的形式出现的代际依赖是一种更有效的 在家庭和工作政策不太全面的国家，我们项目的发现也将 阐明可促进复原成果并为今后的预防和干预工作提供信息的因素。