Parents' Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences and their Parenting Practices in the Context of Neighborhood Safety

父母的不良和积极的童年经历及其在邻里安全背景下的养育实践

• 批准号: 10537101
• 负责人: Emily Hoppe
• 金额: $ 4.68万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10537101
• 关键词: 8 year old; Address; Adult; Affect; Baltimore; Behavioral; Buffers; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Child; Child Rearing; Child Welfare; Childhood; Cities; Clinical; Communities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Dimensions; Emotional; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Family member; Feeling; Goals; Health; Health Promotion; Home; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Lead; Low income; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Perception; Persons; Phase; Policies; Poverty; Process; Psychopathology; Reaction; Recurrence; Reporting; Research; Resources; Role; Safety; Sampling; Schools; Science; Source; Strategic Planning; Surveys; Testing; Urban Community; Violence; abuse neglect; adverse childhood events; arm; contextual factors; deprivation; design; experience; health disparity; improved; innovation; intergenerational; multilevel analysis; neglect; neighborhood safety; neurobehavioral; physical conditioning; prevent; protective effect; protective factors; psychosocial; resilience; response; social; transmission process; urban setting; violent crime; working group

PROPOSAL SUMMARY Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are childhood exposures to potentially traumatic family and community experiences that can have lasting, negative impact on health, are a driver of health disparities, and have potential intergenerational transmission of effects. Preliminary data from the parent study for this proposed study indicate that ACEs are highly prevalent in low-income, urban parents, with 54.7% of 139 parent participants reporting 4 or more ACEs. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) are relational experiences that confer a sense of safety and nurturance during childhood, such as feeling safe with at least one adult in the home. PCEs are associated with improved physical and mental health. PCEs have the potential to promote positive outcomes even when ACEs are high. Current neighborhood violence is expected to compound the impact of ACEs on parenting practices due to ongoing or recurrent activation of neurobehavioral responses to threat. The purpose of this convergent mixed methods study is to understand how parents' exposures to ACEs and PCEs impact their parenting practices, particularly in the context of living in unsafe neighborhoods by addressing the following specific aims: 1: Test the associations among parents' ACEs, PCEs, and more positive parenting practices in a sample of parents (n=200) raising young children (2-8 years old) in Baltimore. 2: Examine contextual effects of current neighborhood safety (violent crime rate and parent perception) by testing the interactions between threat-type ACEs and neighborhood safety variables, controlling for other neighborhood-level SES characteristics. 3: Understand how parents' own childhood experiences (ACEs and PCEs) influence their parenting practices in the context of low versus moderate to high neighborhood safety. The proposed study will be nested within an ongoing parent study in Baltimore City Public Schools. The proposed study will use baseline data only for a cross-sectional quantitative arm, followed by a qualitative arm that integrates with the quantitative data. Multivariate regression, multilevel modeling, and conditional process modeling will be used to test associations among ACEs, PCEs, and parenting, and then to test these associations and the association with neighborhood safety. In the qualitative phase, indvidual interviews will use an interpretive phenomenological approach to gain a better understanding of the processes and contextual factors that contribute to participants' parenting in the context of neighborhood safety. This design integrates the analysis of associations between ACEs, PCEs, parenting practices, and neighborhood safety with analysis of parents' perspectives on the impact of their childhood experiences on parenting, role of neighborhood safety, and other contextual variables. This research will identify protective factors in the intergenerational transmission of ACEs and uses geospatial data to explore how neighborhoods influence the impact of ACEs and PCEs. It will inform future research on family- and neighborhood-level interventions to promote safe, stable, nurturing relationships in families and neighborhoods to reduce the rate and impact of ACEs.

提案摘要 不良童年经历（ACE）是童年时期接触到潜在创伤性家庭和社区的经历 可能对健康产生持久负面影响的经历，是健康差异的驱动因素，并且 潜在的代际传递效应。本提议的母研究的初步数据 研究表明，ACE 在低收入城市父母中非常普遍，在 139 名父母中，这一比例为 54.7% 参与者报告 4 个或更多 ACE。积极的童年经历（PCE）是一种关系经历， 在童年时期赋予一种安全感和养育感，例如与至少一名成年人在一起感到安全 家。 PCE 与改善身心健康有关。 PCE 有潜力促进 即使 ACE 很高，也会产生积极的结果。目前的邻里暴力预计会加剧 由于神经行为反应的持续或反复激活，ACE 对育儿实践的影响 威胁。这项融合混合方法研究的目的是了解父母如何接触 ACE PCE 影响他们的养育方式，特别是在生活在不安全社区的情况下 解决以下具体目标： 1：测试父母的 ACE、PCE 等之间的关联 巴尔的摩养育幼儿（2-8 岁）的父母样本（n=200）中的积极养育做法。 2：通过以下方式检查当前社区安全的背景影响（暴力犯罪率和家长的看法） 测试威胁类型 ACE 和邻域安全变量之间的相互作用，并控制其他变量 社区层面的社会经济地位特征。 3：了解父母自己的童年经历（ACE 和 PCE）在低邻里安全与中高邻里安全的背景下影响他们的养育行为。 拟议的研究将嵌套在巴尔的摩市公立学校正在进行的家长研究中。这 拟议的研究将仅使用横截面定量组的基线数据，然后是定性组 与定量数据相结合。多元回归、多级建模和条件过程 建模将用于测试 ACE、PCE 和育儿之间的关联，然后测试这些 协会和邻里安全协会。在定性阶段，个人访谈将 使用解释现象学方法来更好地理解过程和背景 在邻里安全的背景下影响参与者养育子女的因素。该设计集成了 通过分析来分析 ACE、PCE、育儿实践和邻里安全之间的关联 父母对童年经历对养育子女的影响、邻里角色的看法 安全性和其他上下文变量。这项研究将确定代际间的保护因素 ACE 的传输并使用地理空间数据来探索社区如何影响 ACE 的影响 和PCE。它将为未来关于家庭和社区一级干预措施的研究提供信息，以促进安全、 在家庭和邻里中建立稳定、培育的关系，以减少 ACE 的发生率和影响。