Ultrasensitive HIV viral load quantitation using designer DNA nanostructure capture probes and photonic resonator interference scattering microscopy

使用设计的 DNA 纳米结构捕获探针和光子谐振器干涉散射显微镜进行超灵敏 HIV 病毒载量定量

• 批准号: 10541213
• 负责人: Brian T. Cunningham
• 金额: $ 73.95万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-21 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10541213
• 关键词: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adoption; Affinity; Antibodies; Antigens; Avidity; Awareness; Base Sequence; Binding; Biological Assay; Biosensor; Blood; Buffers; Calibration; Chemistry; Clinical; Collection; Complex; Cytolysis; DNA; Detection; Development; Device Designs; Elements; Engineering; Environment; Epidemic; Epitopes; Exclusion; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Filtration; Glycoproteins; Goals; HIV; HIV Envelope Protein gp120; HIV-1; HIV/AIDS; Immobilization; Incidence; Individual; Label; Laboratories; Lasers; Measures; Mechanics; Microfluidic Microchips; Microfluidics; Microscopy; Monitor; Mother-to-child HIV transmission; Nanostructures; Noise; Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests; Nucleic Acids; Pathogen detection; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Plasma; Positioning Attribute; Proteins; Protocols documentation; Reagent; Refrigeration; Reporting; Reproducibility; Resolution; Resource-limited setting; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Routine Diagnostic Tests; Sampling; Serum; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Site; Specificity; Specimen; Stains; Surface; Surface Plasmon Resonance; System; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Time; Validation; Vertical Disease Transmission; Viral; Viral Genome; Viral Load result; Viral load measurement; Virion; Virus; Virus Integration; Whole Blood; antiretroviral therapy; aptamer; clinically relevant; cost; design; design,build,test; detection limit; digital; fabrication; innovation; instrument; invention; light scattering; nanoparticle; particle; photonics; point of care; point of care testing; product development; research and development; sample collection; sensor; service utilization; stem; tool; transmission process

Abstract Frequent, accurate, and highly sensitive HIV-1 viral load monitoring is a critical component of AIDS antiretroviral therapy, a tool for reducing the incidence of mother-to-child HIV transmission, and a required element of routine diagnostic testing to make people aware of their HIV status. Although enormous research and product development effort has been applied to point-of-care viral load testing, the current paradigm of nucleic acid tests and antigen assays continues to demonstrate fundamental limitations that derive from their inherent complexity and lack of robustness, which in turn impact their costs and practicality for adoption in resource-limited settings. We seek to address an important gap in the capabilities of existing technologies through a combination of three innovations to yield an integrated, rapid, simple, ultrasensitive, highly selective, robust, and inexpensive system for quantitative viral load measurement. First, we utilize microfluidic separation of virions from whole blood, yielding a 10-50 µl plasma sample from 20-100 µl of whole blood in <10 min, with >95% virus extraction efficiency. Second, we will achieve ultraselective recognition of intact HIV virions from the resulting serum using designer DNA nanostructures that take the form of a macromolecular “net” whose vertices are a precise mechanical match to the spacing and positioning of the spike gp120 protein matrix displayed on the HIV outer surface. The DNA net vertices incorporate nucleic acid aptamer probes that have been selected for selectively targeting the HIV gp120, resulting in multiple sites of high affinity attachment, and thus the “net” can be used as an effective capture probe when covalently attached to a photonic crystal biosensor surface. Finally, we will utilize a newly-invented form of biosensor microscopy called Photonic Resonator Interference Scattering Microscopy (PRISM) in which the photonic crystal surface amplifies laser light scattering from captured intact virions, enabling each one to be counted with high signal-to-noise ratio. Because PRISM does not require labels or enzymatic amplification, our approach enables dynamic, real-time counting of captured virus with digital precision and ultrasensitivity. In the proposed project, we will integrate viral separation and the photonic crystal biosensor into a plastic cartridge and develop a rapid workflow that will be simple and rapid for compatibility with point-of-care settings, with the goal of yielding a result in <30 minutes sample-to-answer. Our Aims include development of a point-of-care version of the PRISM instrument, and statistically robust characterization of detection limits, repeatability, and robustness. Our study will conclude with validation of the system using clinical specimens and direct comparison against gold-standard laboratory RT-PCR analysis.

摘要