Examining the physical toll of marginalizing experiences in emerging adulthood and exploring resilience possibilities

项目摘要 学者们呼吁更多地关注社会身份相关的压力源的病因作用， 造成和维持健康差距。在这一领域，重点是新兴和早期成年， 考虑到与身份有关的问题在这一发展时期达到高峰，这是有道理的。之间 代表性不足的大学生就读于以白色为主的精英机构， 对身份支持的高度需求和边缘化经历的涌入可能会产生完美的风暴， 压力源，导致负面的健康后果，特别是在代表性不足的学生中， 在面对不利的风险时坚持下去。拟议的研究旨在记录1）具体的作用 与身份有关的压力因素在弱势群体追求教育和 职业发展和2）社会支持和资源在减轻潜在伤害中的作用 从边缘化的经验。这项研究将以340名早期成年人为样本进行 之前参加过四年五波纵向研究（96%留存率）。所有 参与者在大学一年级时被招募到一所以白色为主的精英机构， 有资格参加，如果他们是代表性不足的种族/族裔群体的成员，第一代 大学生，或获得全额的联邦佩尔助学金（即，显示出巨大的财政 需要）。在拟议的研究中，将建立身体健康和表观遗传衰老的指标， 从这个年轻人（年龄25-30岁）的样本中收集，以评估他们以前和同时 边缘化的经历（即，风险）和支持（即，保护）可能会“进入皮肤下”。生物标志 将利用测量数据在疾病发作前确定健康风险。在成年早期， 大多数慢性病仍然没有症状，尚未通过常规健康筛查发现。因此，在本发明中， 早期成年期允许识别未来疾病的预后指标。特别是 拟议的研究与国家少数民族健康与健康研究所的科学愿景保持一致 差异在于它旨在通过阐明生理过程来帮助解释疾病的差异 社会不平等造成的。此外，拟议的研究旨在确定 弹性，注意正在研究的结果之间的细微差别（例如，“skin-deep resilience”）。一个更 全面了解风险和复原力过程以及它们在 边缘化群体可以为促进社会流动性的干预措施提供信息，同时还可以维护和支持 少数民族的健康。考虑到新生期和成年早期对儿童的健康有着重要的影响， 在生命过程中，针对这一发展阶段的干预措施具有减少 健康差距，特别是社会流动性可能会违反直觉地加剧健康差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY Scholars have called for greater attention to the etiologic role of social identity-related stressors in the creation and maintenance of health disparities. In this domain, a focus on emerging and early adulthood is warranted given that identity-related concerns peak during this developmental period. Among underrepresented college students attending elite predominantly white institutions, the confluence of heightened needs for identity supports and influx of marginalizing experiences may yield the perfect storm of stressors, resulting in negative health consequences, particularly among underrepresented students who persist in the face of adverse exposures. The proposed research aims to document 1) the role of specific identity-related stressors in undermining the health of vulnerable groups as they pursue educational and career advancement and 2) the role of social supports and resources in mitigating potential harm resulting from marginalizing experiences. The proposed research will be conducted with a sample of 340 early adults who previously participated in a five-wave longitudinal study across four years (96% retention rate). All participants were recruited during their first year of college at an elite predominantly white institution and were eligible to participate if they were a member of an underrepresented racial/ethnic group, a first generation college student, or received the full amount of the Federal Pell Grant (i.e., demonstrated substantial financial need). In the proposed research, established indicators of physical health and epigenetic aging will be collected from this sample of young adults (ages 25-30) to assess how their previous and concurrent experiences of marginalization (i.e., risk) and support (i.e., protection) may “get under the skin.” Biomarker measurements will be utilized in order to identify health risk prior to disease onset. During early adulthood, most chronic diseases are still asymptomatic and have not yet been detected via routine health screens. Thus, the period of early adulthood allows for identification of prognostic indicators of future disease. Notably, the proposed research aligns well with the scientific vision of the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities in that it aims to help explain disparities in disease by illuminating physiologic processes resulting from social inequities. Additionally, the proposed research seeks to identify mechanisms of resilience with attention to nuance across outcomes being studied (e.g., “skin-deep resilience”). A more comprehensive understanding of risk and resilience processes and variability in how they play out among marginalized groups can inform interventions to facilitate social mobility while also preserving and bolstering the health of minority groups. Given that the emerging and early adulthood years hold great consequence for the life course, interventions targeting this developmental period hold tremendous potential for reducing health disparities, particularly health disparities that may be exacerbated counterintuitively by social mobility.