NOLA HEAT-MAP: New Orleans Home, Environment, and Ambient Temperature: Measurements and Analysis for Preparedness

项目摘要 在美国，高温造成的死亡人数比任何其他类型的天气都多， 由高温引起的发病率和死亡率正在增加。特别是南方社区，预计将 将在未来几十年内遭受极端高温的最严重后果。新奥尔良，路易斯安那州， 超过四分之一的人口生活在贫困中，对健康风险的敏感性尤为突出。 温度量化热量的公共卫生负担对于致力于公共卫生和 这些基础设施资源是遏制新奥尔良日益严重的社会问题所迫切需要的。 然而，人们对热暴露与健康结果之间的关系知之甚少（即，热 最能预测发病率和死亡率的指标或阈值）。此外，因为这 这种关系可以通过当地的小气候、人口和住房特征、个人行为 模式和其他社区层面的因素，需要当地特定的数据和分析来为政策提供信息 行动上在建议的项目中，我们将（1）确定哪些暴露指标，阈值和持续时间预测 新奥尔良与热有关的发病率和死亡率，并以此来估计目前的公共卫生 儿童、成人和老年人的热暴露负担;（2）确定个人和邻居 这些特征增加了对与热有关的发病率和死亡率的脆弱性，并在经验上创造了一个 基于新奥尔良的热健康脆弱性指数;（3）收集和分析公民来源的测量结果 室内和室外热环境，社交媒体观察，以及“真实的时间”热评估， 风险认知和健康症状，通过生态瞬时评估进一步表征 可能导致热脆弱性增加的小气候和人类行为;（4）与 一个社区咨询小组，制定全市范围的建议，以改善热健康准备， 新奥尔良和翻译我们的研究结果，以其他社区的生产工具包热健康 做好准备该项目的主要创新包括使用新颖的数据源和方法，例如精细- 将网格化的气候数据和公民来源的温度和湿度测量数据进行缩放， 描述个人热暴露;对整个生命过程中热负荷的综合评估 课程包括热应激的症状，睡眠质量，住院治疗和死亡率， 结合医疗索赔分析和生态瞬时评估;并致力于 社区参与和研究翻译贯穿整个项目的生命周期，以确保研究 结果导致政策行动和公共卫生的改善。

PROJECT SUMMARY In the United States, heat is responsible for more fatalities than any other type of weather and the burden of morbidity and mortality attributable to heat is growing. Southern communities, in particular, are expected to suffer some of the greatest consequences of extreme heat in the coming decades. New Orleans, Louisiana, with over a quarter of its population living in poverty, is uniquely sensitive to the health risks from rising temperatures. Quantifying the public health burden of heat is critical to dedicating public health and infrastructure resources that are desperately needed to curb this growing societal problem in New Orleans. However, little is known about the relationship between heat exposure and health outcomes (i.e., the heat metric or threshold that is most predictive of morbidity and mortality) within New Orleans. Further, because this relationship can be modified by local microclimate, population and housing characteristics, individual behavior patterns, and other neighborhood-level factors, locally-specific data and analysis is needed to inform policy action. In the proposed project, we will (1) determine which exposure metrics, thresholds, and duration predict heat-related morbidity and mortality within New Orleans and use this to estimate the current public health burden of heat exposure to children, adults, and the elderly; (2) identify individual and neighborhood characteristics that increase vulnerability to heat-related morbidity and mortality and create an empirically- based heat-health vulnerability index for New Orleans; (3) collect and analyze citizen-sourced measurements of indoor and outdoor thermal environments, social media observations, and “real time” assessments of heat, risk perceptions, and health symptoms through ecological momentary assessment to further characterize microclimates and human behaviors that may lead to increased heat vulnerability; and (4) in collaboration with a community advisory panel, develop city-wide recommendations for improved heat-health preparedness in New Orleans and translate our findings to other communities with the production of a toolkit on heat-health preparedness. Key innovations of this project include the use of novel data sources and methods, such as fine- scale gridded climate data and citizen-sourced measurements of temperature and humidity, to more accurately characterize personal heat exposure; a comprehensive assessment of the burden of heat across the life course to include symptoms of heat stress, sleep quality, hospitalizations, and mortality ascertained through a combination of healthcare claims analysis and ecological momentary assessment; and a dedication to community engagement and research translation throughout the life of the project to ensure that research results lead to policy action and public health improvements.