Primed to (re)act: Can changes in procedural language prevent adverse events between police and minority male youth?

项目摘要 虽然研究人员继续研究少数群体与执法部门不成比例的接触对他们的影响， 一系列健康相关的结果，最近对这项工作的审查质疑的方法有效性， 大多数关于这个问题的研究。其中许多关注集中在（a）对警察的不切实际的假设 行为和（B）低质量数据。该项目通过引入基于人类发展的 执法人员（LEO）的行为模型，并应用此模型来研究如何LEO认同 男性少数民族青年（MMY）使用一个新的公开数据源：广播警察通信 （BPC）。我们的长期目标是（1）评估BPC的可行性，以了解LEO如何感知 MMY都是通过LEO-MMY之前和期间使用的预反射程序语言“在当时” 通过开发一种测量低地球轨道与少数群体认同的调查工具， 青年，以及（2）确定是否可以使用BPC代替非公开数据源来研究警察行为 通过开发一种新的计算策略，从BPC中提取有意义的信息， 其他策略，第一个自动语音识别（ASR）模型和大规模（>100小时） 训练转录的BPC语料库，供计算社会科学家和ASR研究人员使用。 我们以前的研究表明，一套复杂的心理社会机制支配着发展中国家的发展。 MMY的轨迹，表明MMY采取反应性应对策略，以特定的压力事件（如， 与警察的遭遇），这可能是适应不良的（例如，超男子气概），这取决于环境， 交互.我们的研究还表明，所有人类都经历着类似的过程。由于结果 低地球轨道-MMY相遇的质量最终是低地球轨道的责任，本项目力求提高 通过研究一些公认的低地球轨道反应性应对措施来解决这些遭遇（即减少青少年创伤） 战略：用于通过以下方式向低地球轨道系统提供特定事件信息的程序语言的特征 BPC。这种概念方法来自我们的理论框架（即斯宾塞的现象学 生态系统理论的变体，或PVEST），强调反应性的开发和利用， 应对策略的反应，特别是MMY相关的压力。我们的前提是BPC可以 主要的低地球轨道不准确地解释MMY的行为作为威胁，增加了潜在的 不良事件。这种不准确的评估是很难克服的，因为低地球轨道是根据最好的情况采取行动的。 information available.因此，BPC的程序语言对油井构成了未被承认的风险- 是MMY。因此，本研究将对BPC进行首次分析，同时评估其 确定警务中种族歧视的可行性，并开发一种新的调查工具， 低地球轨道系统识别MMY的能力，供全国各地的研究人员和警务组织使用。

PROJECT SUMMARY While researchers continue to study the effects of disproportionate minority contact with law enforcement on a range of health-related outcomes, a recent review of this work questions the methodological validity of most studies on this topic. Many of these concerns focus on (a) unrealistic assumptions about police behavior and (b) poor quality data. This project addresses both by introducing a human development based model of law enforcement officer (LEO) behavior and applying this model to study how LEOs identify with male minority youth (MMY) using a novel publicly available data source: broadcast police communications (BPC). Our long-term goals are (1) to assess the viability of BPC for understanding how LEOs perceive MMY both “in the moment” via the pre-reflective procedural language used before and during LEO-MMY encounters and “at rest” via development of a survey instrument measuring LEO identification with minority youth, and (2) to determine if BPC may be used in lieu of non-public data sources to study police behavior by developing a novel computational strategy for extracting meaningful information from BPC via, among other strategies, a first-of-its-kind automatic speech recognition (ASR) model and large scale (>100 hours) training corpus of transcribed BPC for use by computational social scientists and ASR researchers. Our previous research revealed that a complex set of psychosocial mechanisms govern the developmental trajectories of MMYs, indicating MMYs adopt reactive coping strategies to particular stressful events (e.g. encounters with police) that can be maladaptive (e.g. hypermasculinity) depending on context of interactions. Our work also suggests that all humans are subject to similar processes. Since the outcomes of LEO-MMY encounters are ultimately the responsibility of LEOs, this project seeks to improve the quality of these encounters (i.e. reduce youth trauma) by studying a little acknowledged LEO reactive coping strategy: the character of procedural language used to provide LEOs with incident-specific information via BPC. This conceptual approach derives from our theoretical framing (i.e. Spencer’s phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory, or PVEST) that highlights the development and utilization of reactive coping strategies in response—particularly—to MMY associated stress. It is our premise that BPC can prime LEOs to inaccurately interpret the behavior of MMY as threatening, increasing the potential for adverse events. Such inaccurate assessments are hard to combat since LEOs are acting on the best information available. As a result, the procedural language of BPC pose unacknowledged risks to the well- being of MMY. This study will thus perform a first-of-its-kind analysis of BPC to simultaneously assess its viability for determining racial discrimination in policing and develop a novel survey instrument measuring LEOs ability to identify with MMY for use by researchers and policing organizations across the country.