Neural circuitry underlying emotional abuse and depression in sexual minority youth

项目摘要/摘要。 儿童期和青春期的情绪虐待(EA)与更大的风险和严重程度有关 抑郁症。EA在性少数族裔青年(SMY；同性浪漫的人)中尤其常见 身份和吸引力)，这是一个经历了显著的抑郁症差异的人群。关键的知识差距 防止在SMY中充分发现和治疗抑郁症，并解决这些差异需要 对SMY抑郁的潜在机制进行了严格的研究。拟议的K23测试了一种创新的 将抑郁症的认知和社会理论与情感神经科学相结合的模型，探索电针如何 影响神经系统的低自我价值和消极的自我集中的抑郁症的特征。 本研究将使用基于任务的功能磁共振和扩散磁共振来检验电针对奖赏加工的影响 神经系统(目标1)和自我偏向加工神经系统(目标2)，以及电针相关的关系 在SMY中，这些系统的变化到抑郁(目标3)。探索性目标将测试EA- 这些神经系统的相关变化，无论是独立的还是联合的，都会影响抑郁症和 共病症状。这项研究通过增加新兴的生物学知识来支持关键的公共卫生需求 SMY的抑郁症模型，并将加强对电针的理解，电针是一种有害的创伤形式 与抑郁症的严重性和持久性有关，影响抑郁症的神经系统。这样的研究是第一次 朝着确定新的检测目标和制定干预措施以减少以下抑郁迈出一步 EA，包括SMY。这项提议将是研究创伤影响的第一个项目。 ，并了解创伤相关的变化与情感症状的关系， 把重点放在少数群体上。为了实现这一目标，应聘者将利用他们在SMY心理方面的专业知识 健康和基础神经成像接受关于创伤对发育精神病理学的影响的培训， 最先进的神经成像方法和先进的生物统计学。她有一个理想的导师团队， 最理想的科学环境，为她提供实现职业目标所需的培训。玛丽·菲利普斯博士 是青春期和年轻人情绪障碍背后的神经系统专家；埃里卡·福布斯博士 一位发展精神病理学和抑郁症情感神经科学的专家，她有 朱迪思·科恩博士是创伤对青年的影响和临床影响方面的专家 心理健康。来自咨询师的额外指导将提供有关创伤对大脑的影响的培训 青年(瑞安·赫林加博士)、最先进的功能磁共振成像(泰德·萨特思韦特博士)和核磁共振成像(阿米莉亚·范思哲博士) 方法和生物统计学(Dana Tudorascu博士)。这项培训将为候选人的研究生涯做好准备。 应用精神病学对神经系统的理解，以及可用于探索的最新方法 他们，以解决受到不成比例影响的青年社区中新出现的心理健康差距 由创伤引起的，如SMY。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT. Emotional abuse (EA) during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater risk and severity of depression. EA is particularly common among sexual minority youth (SMY; individuals with same sex romantic identities and attractions), a population that experiences striking depression disparities. Critical knowledge gaps prevent adequate detection and treatment of depression in SMY and addressing these disparities requires rigorous research on the mechanisms underlying depression in SMY. The proposed K23 tests an innovative model integrating cognitive and social theories of depression with affective neuroscience to explore how EA impacts neural systems underlying in the low self-worth and a negative self-focus characteristic of depression. This study will use task-based functional and diffusion MRI to examine the impact of EA on reward processing neural systems (Aim 1) and self-biased processing neural systems (Aim 2), and the relationship of EA-associated changes in these systems to depression (Aim 3) in SMY. Exploratory aims will test the extent to which EA- associated changes in these neural systems, both independently and in combination, influence depression and comorbid symptoms. This research supports a critical public health need by adding to emerging biological models of depression for SMY, and will enhance understanding of how EA, a pernicious form of trauma linked to depression severity and persistence, impacts neural systems underlying depression. Such research is a first step towards identifying novel targets for detection and developing interventions to reduce depression following EA, including in SMY. The proposed will be the first in a program of research examining the influence of trauma on the adolescent brain, and understanding how trauma-associated changes relate to affective symptoms, with a focus on minority populations. To achieve this goal, the candidate will build on their expertise in SMY mental health and basic neuroimaging to receive training in the impact of trauma on developmental psychopathology, state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods, and advanced biostatistics. She has an ideal mentorship team and optimal scientific environment to provide the training necessary for her to meet her career goals. Dr. Mary Phillips is an expert in neural systems underlying mood disorders in adolescence and young adults; Dr. Erika Forbes is an expert in developmental psychopathology and the affective neuroscience of depression, which she has adapted to SMY; and Dr. Judith Cohen is an expert in the impact and clinical implications of trauma on youth mental health. Additional mentorship from consultants will provide training in the impact of trauma on the brain in youth (Dr. Ryan Herringa), state-of-the-art fMRI (Dr. Ted Satterthwaite) and dMRI (Dr. Amelia Versace) methods, and biostatistics (Dr. Dana Tudorascu). This training will prepare the candidate for a research career applying psychiatry’s understanding of neural systems, and the state-of-the-art methods available to explore them, towards addressing emerging mental health disparities in youth communities disproportionately affected by trauma, such as SMY.