Neural circuitry underlying emotional abuse and depression in sexual minority youth

项目总结/摘要。 儿童和青少年时期的情绪虐待（EA）与更大的风险和严重性有关。 萧条EA在性少数青年（SMY）中特别常见;同性浪漫的人 身份和吸引力），一个人口经历了显着的抑郁症的差距。关键的知识差距 阻止SMY中抑郁症的充分检测和治疗，解决这些差异需要 对SMY抑郁症潜在机制的严谨研究。K23测试了一种创新的 模型整合了抑郁症的认知和社会理论与情感神经科学，以探讨EA如何 影响低自我价值和抑郁症的消极自我关注特征的神经系统。 本研究将使用基于任务的功能磁共振成像和弥散磁共振成像来研究EA对奖励加工的影响 神经系统（目标1）和自偏处理神经系统（目标2），以及EA相关的关系 这些系统的变化对SMY抑郁症（目标3）的影响。探索性目标将测试EA- 这些神经系统的相关变化，无论是独立的还是组合的，都会影响抑郁症， 共病症状这项研究通过增加新兴的生物学， 抑郁症的SMY模型，并将提高如何EA的理解，一种有害的形式的创伤联系 抑郁症的严重程度和持续性，影响抑郁症的神经系统。这样的研究是第一次 确定新的检测目标和制定干预措施以减少抑郁症的步骤 EA，包括SMY。这项提议将是第一个研究创伤影响的项目 对青少年大脑的影响，并了解创伤相关变化与情感症状的关系， 重点关注少数民族。为了实现这一目标，候选人将建立在他们的专业知识SMY精神 健康和基本神经成像接受培训的影响，创伤对发展精神病理学， 最先进的神经成像方法和先进的生物统计学她有一个理想的导师团队， 最佳的科学环境，为她提供必要的培训，以实现她的职业目标。玛丽菲利普斯医生 艾丽卡·福布斯博士是青少年和年轻人情绪障碍神经系统方面的专家， 她是发展精神病理学和抑郁症情感神经科学方面的专家， Judith Cohen博士是创伤对青年的影响和临床意义方面的专家 心理健康来自顾问的额外指导将提供创伤对大脑影响的培训 年轻人（Ryan Herringa博士），最先进的功能磁共振成像（Ted Satterthwaite博士）和dMRI（Amelia Versace博士） 方法和生物统计学（Dana Tudorascu）。这项培训将为候选人的研究生涯做好准备 运用精神病学对神经系统的理解，以及最先进的方法来探索 他们，以解决新出现的心理健康差距，在青年社区不成比例地影响 比如SMY。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT. Emotional abuse (EA) during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater risk and severity of depression. EA is particularly common among sexual minority youth (SMY; individuals with same sex romantic identities and attractions), a population that experiences striking depression disparities. Critical knowledge gaps prevent adequate detection and treatment of depression in SMY and addressing these disparities requires rigorous research on the mechanisms underlying depression in SMY. The proposed K23 tests an innovative model integrating cognitive and social theories of depression with affective neuroscience to explore how EA impacts neural systems underlying in the low self-worth and a negative self-focus characteristic of depression. This study will use task-based functional and diffusion MRI to examine the impact of EA on reward processing neural systems (Aim 1) and self-biased processing neural systems (Aim 2), and the relationship of EA-associated changes in these systems to depression (Aim 3) in SMY. Exploratory aims will test the extent to which EA- associated changes in these neural systems, both independently and in combination, influence depression and comorbid symptoms. This research supports a critical public health need by adding to emerging biological models of depression for SMY, and will enhance understanding of how EA, a pernicious form of trauma linked to depression severity and persistence, impacts neural systems underlying depression. Such research is a first step towards identifying novel targets for detection and developing interventions to reduce depression following EA, including in SMY. The proposed will be the first in a program of research examining the influence of trauma on the adolescent brain, and understanding how trauma-associated changes relate to affective symptoms, with a focus on minority populations. To achieve this goal, the candidate will build on their expertise in SMY mental health and basic neuroimaging to receive training in the impact of trauma on developmental psychopathology, state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods, and advanced biostatistics. She has an ideal mentorship team and optimal scientific environment to provide the training necessary for her to meet her career goals. Dr. Mary Phillips is an expert in neural systems underlying mood disorders in adolescence and young adults; Dr. Erika Forbes is an expert in developmental psychopathology and the affective neuroscience of depression, which she has adapted to SMY; and Dr. Judith Cohen is an expert in the impact and clinical implications of trauma on youth mental health. Additional mentorship from consultants will provide training in the impact of trauma on the brain in youth (Dr. Ryan Herringa), state-of-the-art fMRI (Dr. Ted Satterthwaite) and dMRI (Dr. Amelia Versace) methods, and biostatistics (Dr. Dana Tudorascu). This training will prepare the candidate for a research career applying psychiatry’s understanding of neural systems, and the state-of-the-art methods available to explore them, towards addressing emerging mental health disparities in youth communities disproportionately affected by trauma, such as SMY.