Developing Autophagy-Targeting Chimeras and Optimizing Cell Penetration of Large-Molecule Therapeutics

开发自噬靶向嵌合体并优化大分子治疗的细胞渗透

• 批准号: 10558145
• 负责人: Joshua A Kritzer
• 金额: $ 57.9万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-03-01 至 2028-02-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10558145
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Algorithm Design; Area; Autophagocytosis; Binding; Biological Assay; CRISPR screen; Cells; Cellular biology; Chimera organism; Cytosol; DNA Damage; Data; Degradation Pathway; Disease; Endosomes; Genetic; Human; Kinetics; Learning; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Molecular Evolution; Penetration; Protac; Protein Family; Proteins; Series; Structure; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Work; cell type; chemotherapy; design; drug development; drug discovery; inhibition of autophagy; inhibitor; innovation; novel; protein degradation; protein protein interaction; research and development; screening; small molecule inhibitor; stapled peptide

The Kritzer lab focuses on inhibiting protein-protein interactions involved in autophagy. Autophagy is a protein degradation pathway that is active in all human cells, and inhibiting autophagy shows promise as a therapy for late-stage cancers especially in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapies. Autophagy research and drug development currently rely on compounds that inhibit autophagy indirectly. Better, more specific inhibitors of autophagy would be broadly adopted. A large amount of genetics and cell biology work supports that inhibiting the LC3/GABARAP family of proteins can block autophagy selectively. In one series of projects, we will develop novel stapled peptide and small molecule inhibitors of LC3/GABARAP and evaluate them in models of late-stage cancers and other diseases. Because of our expertise in compounds that bind LC3/GABARAP proteins, we also propose to evaluate related compounds as autophagy-targeting chimeras (AUTACs). These compounds could be used to selectively degrade any proteins in the cell, similar to proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) but potentially more versatile and easier to develop. Based on strong preliminary data that validate the AUTAC concept, we will develop novel AUTACs and demonstrate their ability to degrade endogenous proteins, unlocking a broad new area for drug development in targeted protein degradation. Over the course of developing stapled peptides as autophagy modulators, the Kritzer lab encountered a common problem in the field: how to measure the amount that actually reaches the cytosol. In an independent series of projects, the Kritzer lab has developed novel assays that quantitate the cytosolic penetration of large-molecule therapeutics. In this proposal, we describe new opportunities to address challenging problems in drug development for large-molecule therapeutics. We describe new methods to measure penetration to different cellular compartments in any cell type, including primary cells. We also describe a molecular evolution approach to develop a new “turn-on” assay that measures the real-time kinetics of cytosolic penetration. We describe pooled CRISPR screens to reveal the cellular components that mediate endosomal escape. Finally, we describe a novel screening platform that will allow us to screen thousands to millions of molecules at a time for those that are most cell-penetrant; the new screen will be incorporated into a design-test-learn cycle to produce data-driven design algorithms for cytosol-penetrant molecules. All together, these data will represent a huge leap in our understanding of structure-penetration relationships for several classes of large-molecule therapeutics.

Kritzer实验室专注于抑制自噬过程中的蛋白质相互作用。自噬是一种蛋白质 在所有人类细胞中都活跃的降解途径，抑制自噬显示出有望作为治疗 晚期癌症，特别是与破坏DNA的化疗相结合。自噬研究和 药物开发目前依赖于间接抑制自噬的化合物。更好、更特异的抑制剂 自噬的概念将被广泛采用。大量的遗传学和细胞生物学工作支持这一点 抑制Lc3/GABARAP蛋白家族可以选择性地阻断自噬。在一系列项目中，我们 将开发新型的LC_3/GABARAP的装订多肽和小分子抑制剂，并在 晚期癌症和其他疾病的模型。 由于我们在结合Lc3/GABARAP蛋白的化合物方面的专业知识，我们还建议评估相关的 化合物作为自噬靶向嵌合体(AUTAC)。这些化合物可以用来选择性地 降解细胞中的任何蛋白质，类似于蛋白水解靶向嵌合体(PROTAC)，但可能比 功能齐全，更易于开发。基于验证AUTAC概念的强有力的初步数据，我们将 开发新的AUTAC并展示其降解内源蛋白质的能力，解锁 在靶向蛋白质降解方面开发药物的广阔新领域。 在开发装订多肽作为自噬调节剂的过程中，Kritzer实验室遇到了 该领域的常见问题是：如何测量实际到达细胞质的量。在一个 在独立的一系列项目中，克里策实验室已经开发出新的分析方法，可以定量检测细胞内的 大分子疗法的渗透。在本提案中，我们描述了解决以下问题的新机遇 大分子疗法药物开发中的挑战性问题。我们描述了新的方法来 测量任何细胞类型(包括原代细胞)中不同细胞隔间的渗透率。我们也 描述一种分子进化方法，以开发一种新的“开启”检测方法，以测量实时 胞质穿透动力学。我们描述了池化CRISPR屏幕以显示蜂窝组件 调节内体逃逸的物质。最后，我们描述了一个新的筛选平台，它将允许我们筛选 对于那些最能穿透细胞的分子，一次可以检测几千到几百万个分子；新的屏幕将是 整合到设计-测试-学习循环中，以产生用于胞浆渗透剂的数据驱动的设计算法 分子。总而言之，这些数据将代表着我们对结构渗透的理解上的巨大飞跃 几类大分子治疗学之间的关系。