Characterization of Multiple Factors in Training and Plasticity in Central Vision Loss

训练中多因素的表征和中央视力丧失的可塑性

• 批准号: 10594958
• 负责人: Aaron R Seitz
• 金额: $ 59.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594958
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Central Scotomas; Compensation; Complex; Data Set; Discrimination; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Macular degeneration; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Modification; National Institute of Mental Health; Neuronal Plasticity; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Photoreceptors; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Reading; Recovery; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Design; Research Project Summaries; Research Support; Rest; Sampling; Scotoma; Sensory; Structure; System; Testing; Training; Translating; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Work; aging population; behavioral outcome; behavioral plasticity; cognitive control; data sharing; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; gaze; improved; innovation; learning outcome; lens; macula; neural; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; preservation; spatial integration; visual process; visual processing

Project Summary Research on perceptual learning (PL) has been dominated by studies that seek to isolate and improve individual visual processes. However, an important translational outcome of PL research is to address the needs of patients with vision loss, who seek to improve performance on daily tasks such as reading, navigation, and face recognition. These more ecological cases of behavioral change and cortical plasticity, which are inherently complex and integrative, have revealed significant gaps in a more holistic understanding of how multiple visual processes and their associated brain systems jointly contribute to durable and generalizable PL. To address these gaps, here we study simulated and natural central vision loss. We focus on macular degeneration (MD), one of the most common causes of vision loss (projected to affect 248 million people worldwide by 2040), which results from damage to photoreceptors in the macula that disrupts central vision. Such central vision loss is a superb lens through which study to how ecologically relevant changes in the use of vision relate to changing brain activity and connectivity because it represents a massive alteration in visual experience requiring reliance on peripheral vision for daily tasks. With the use of eye-trackers and gaze-contingent displays that induce central scotomas, central vision loss can be simulated in normally seeing individuals, who then develop peripheral looking patterns that resemble compensatory vision strategies seen in MD patients. Ideal use of peripheral vision requires improvement in multiple vision domains, three of the most important being: early visual processing (e.g., visual sensitivity), mid-level visual processing (e.g., spatial integration), and attention and eye-movements. To date, no study has systematically investigated these three domains of PL and their neural underpinnings. The proposed research plan rests on rigorous prior work showing that PL influences multiple brain structures and functions related to these three domains. We propose a novel approach of systematically measuring how different training regimes related to the three domains influence a broad range of psychophysical and ecological behaviors (Aim 1), how these changes arise from plasticity in brain structure and function (Aim 2), and how PL after simulated central vision loss compares to PL in MD (Aim 3). This work is significant and innovative as it will be the first integrated study of PL characterizing multiple trainable factors and their impact on diverse behavioral outcomes and on cutting-edge assessments of neural representations and dynamics. It is also the first study to directly compare PL in MD patients with PL in a controlled model system of central visual field loss with simulated scotomas, which if validated will allow the use of this model system to interrogate MD in larger samples of healthy individuals. We will also share a unique dataset that will help the field to understand behavioral and neural plasticity after central vision loss and individual differences in responsiveness to training. Finally, this work will illuminate basic mechanisms of brain plasticity after sensory loss that may generalize to other forms of rehabilitation after peripheral or central damage.

项目摘要 知觉学习的研究一直以来都是以孤立和提高个体为目的的 视觉过程然而，PL研究的一个重要转化成果是解决患者的需求 视力丧失，寻求改善日常任务（如阅读、导航和面部识别）的表现 识别.这些更生态的行为变化和大脑皮层可塑性的案例， 复杂和综合，揭示了更全面地理解多个视觉 过程及其相关的大脑系统共同有助于持久和普遍的PL。解决 这些差距，在这里我们研究模拟和自然的中心视力丧失。我们专注于黄斑变性（MD）， 视力丧失最常见的原因之一（预计到2040年将影响全球2.48亿人）， 黄斑部的光感受器受损会破坏中央视觉。这种中央视力丧失是一种 一个极好的透镜，通过它研究视觉使用中的生态相关变化如何与变化 大脑活动和连接，因为它代表了视觉体验的巨大变化，需要依赖 日常工作的周边视觉。通过使用眼动追踪器和凝视显示器， 暗点，中心视力丧失可以在正常视力的个体中模拟，然后发展为周边视力丧失。 与MD患者中观察到的补偿视力策略相似的视觉模式。周边视觉的理想使用 需要多个视觉领域的改进，其中三个最重要的是：早期视觉处理（例如， 视觉灵敏度），中级视觉处理（例如，空间整合），以及注意力和眼球运动。到 迄今为止，还没有研究系统地研究PL的这三个领域及其神经基础。的 拟议的研究计划依赖于严格的先前工作，表明PL影响多种大脑结构， 与这三个领域相关的功能。我们提出了一种新的方法，系统地测量如何 与这三个领域相关的不同训练制度会影响广泛的心理物理和生态 行为（目标1），这些变化是如何从大脑结构和功能的可塑性中产生的（目标2），以及PL是如何产生的。 在模拟中心视力丧失后，与MD中的PL相比（目标3）。这项工作是重要的和创新的，因为它将 是第一个综合研究PL表征多种可训练因素及其对不同行为的影响， 结果和神经表征和动力学的尖端评估。这也是第一项研究， 直接比较MD患者的PL与中央视野丧失的受控模型系统中的PL， 暗点，如果经过验证，将允许使用该模型系统在更大的健康样本中询问MD 个体我们还将分享一个独特的数据集，这将有助于该领域了解行为和神经 中心视力丧失后的可塑性和对训练反应的个体差异。最后，这项工作将 阐明感觉丧失后大脑可塑性的基本机制，这些机制可能推广到其他形式的 外周或中枢损伤后的康复。

项目成果

Oculomotor changes following learned use of an eccentric retinal locus.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108126
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: VISION RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Vice, Jason E.;Biles, Mandy K.;Maniglia, Marcello;Visscher, Kristina M.
• 通讯作者: Visscher, Kristina M.

Consistency of preferred retinal locus across tasks and participants trained with a simulated scotoma.

不同任务和使用模拟暗点训练的参与者的首选视网膜位点的一致性。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108158
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Vision research
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Maniglia,Marcello;Visscher,KristinaM;Seitz,AaronR
• 通讯作者: Seitz,AaronR