Characterization of Multiple Factors in Training and Plasticity in Central Vision Loss

训练中多因素的表征和中央视力丧失的可塑性

• 批准号: 10594958
• 负责人: Aaron R Seitz
• 金额: $ 59.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594958
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blindness; Brain; Central Scotomas; Compensation; Complex; Data Set; Discrimination; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Macular degeneration; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Modification; National Institute of Mental Health; Neuronal Plasticity; Outcome; Patients; Pattern; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Photoreceptors; Population; Process; Psychophysics; Public Health; Reading; Recovery; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Design; Research Project Summaries; Research Support; Rest; Sampling; Scotoma; Sensory; Structure; System; Testing; Training; Translating; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Work; aging population; behavioral outcome; behavioral plasticity; cognitive control; data sharing; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; gaze; improved; innovation; learning outcome; lens; macula; neural; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; preservation; spatial integration; visual process; visual processing

Project Summary Research on perceptual learning (PL) has been dominated by studies that seek to isolate and improve individual visual processes. However, an important translational outcome of PL research is to address the needs of patients with vision loss, who seek to improve performance on daily tasks such as reading, navigation, and face recognition. These more ecological cases of behavioral change and cortical plasticity, which are inherently complex and integrative, have revealed significant gaps in a more holistic understanding of how multiple visual processes and their associated brain systems jointly contribute to durable and generalizable PL. To address these gaps, here we study simulated and natural central vision loss. We focus on macular degeneration (MD), one of the most common causes of vision loss (projected to affect 248 million people worldwide by 2040), which results from damage to photoreceptors in the macula that disrupts central vision. Such central vision loss is a superb lens through which study to how ecologically relevant changes in the use of vision relate to changing brain activity and connectivity because it represents a massive alteration in visual experience requiring reliance on peripheral vision for daily tasks. With the use of eye-trackers and gaze-contingent displays that induce central scotomas, central vision loss can be simulated in normally seeing individuals, who then develop peripheral looking patterns that resemble compensatory vision strategies seen in MD patients. Ideal use of peripheral vision requires improvement in multiple vision domains, three of the most important being: early visual processing (e.g., visual sensitivity), mid-level visual processing (e.g., spatial integration), and attention and eye-movements. To date, no study has systematically investigated these three domains of PL and their neural underpinnings. The proposed research plan rests on rigorous prior work showing that PL influences multiple brain structures and functions related to these three domains. We propose a novel approach of systematically measuring how different training regimes related to the three domains influence a broad range of psychophysical and ecological behaviors (Aim 1), how these changes arise from plasticity in brain structure and function (Aim 2), and how PL after simulated central vision loss compares to PL in MD (Aim 3). This work is significant and innovative as it will be the first integrated study of PL characterizing multiple trainable factors and their impact on diverse behavioral outcomes and on cutting-edge assessments of neural representations and dynamics. It is also the first study to directly compare PL in MD patients with PL in a controlled model system of central visual field loss with simulated scotomas, which if validated will allow the use of this model system to interrogate MD in larger samples of healthy individuals. We will also share a unique dataset that will help the field to understand behavioral and neural plasticity after central vision loss and individual differences in responsiveness to training. Finally, this work will illuminate basic mechanisms of brain plasticity after sensory loss that may generalize to other forms of rehabilitation after peripheral or central damage.

项目摘要 关于知觉学习的研究一直被试图孤立和改进个体的研究所主导 视觉过程。然而，PL研究的一个重要翻译成果是解决患者的需求 有视力障碍的人，他们寻求改善阅读、导航和人脸等日常任务的表现 承认。这些行为变化和皮质可塑性的更多生态案例，与生俱来 复杂性和整体性，揭示了在更全面地理解多重视觉如何 过程及其相关的大脑系统共同促成了持久的和可推广的PL。致信地址 这些差距，在这里我们研究模拟和自然的中央视力损失。我们的重点是黄斑变性(MD)， 导致失明的最常见原因之一(预计到2040年全球将有2.48亿人受到影响)， 这是由于黄斑中的光感受器受损，从而破坏了中心视力。这种中央视力的丧失是一种 超棒的镜头，通过它研究视觉使用中的生态相关变化如何与变化相关 大脑活动和连接，因为它代表着需要依赖的视觉体验的巨大变化 日常工作中的周边视力。通过使用眼球跟踪器和视线相关的展示来诱导中央 暗点，中心性视力丧失可以在正常视力的人身上模拟，然后他们会发展成外周 在MD患者中看到的类似于代偿性视觉策略的观察模式。理想的周边视觉使用 需要在多个视觉领域中改进，其中最重要的三个是：早期视觉处理(例如， 视觉敏感度)、中层视觉处理(如空间整合)、注意力和眼球运动。至 到目前为止，还没有研究系统地研究PL的这三个区域及其神经基础。这个 拟议的研究计划基于严谨的前期工作，表明PL影响多个大脑结构和 与这三个领域相关的功能。我们提出了一种新的方法来系统地测量 与这三个领域相关的不同训练制度影响着广泛的心理、物理和生态 行为(目标1)，这些变化是如何由大脑结构和功能的可塑性引起的(目标2)，以及如何 在模拟中心视力损失后，比较MD(目标3)中的PL。这项工作具有重要的意义和创新性。 首次综合研究了多个可训练因素及其对不同行为的影响 结果以及神经表征和动力学的前沿评估。这也是第一项研究 直接比较MD患者的PL与模拟的中央视野损失控制模型系统中的PL 暗点，如果得到验证，将允许使用该模型系统在更大的健康样本中询问MD 个人。我们还将分享一个独特的数据集，它将帮助该领域了解行为和神经 中心性视力丧失后的可塑性和训练反应的个体差异。最后，这项工作将 说明感觉丧失后大脑可塑性的基本机制，可推广到其他形式的 外周或中枢损伤后的康复。

项目成果

Oculomotor changes following learned use of an eccentric retinal locus.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108126
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: VISION RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Vice, Jason E.;Biles, Mandy K.;Maniglia, Marcello;Visscher, Kristina M.
• 通讯作者: Visscher, Kristina M.

Consistency of preferred retinal locus across tasks and participants trained with a simulated scotoma.

不同任务和使用模拟暗点训练的参与者的首选视网膜位点的一致性。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108158
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Vision research
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Maniglia,Marcello;Visscher,KristinaM;Seitz,AaronR
• 通讯作者: Seitz,AaronR