Integrating Perceptual Learning Approaches into Effective Therapies for Low Visio

在理解综合过程的复杂相互作用方面存在着根本性的差距，这些过程破坏了 终止、诱导和调节知觉系统中的可塑性。这一差距是一个重要的问题 因为我们只能对视觉系统的可塑性有一个支离破碎的理解，而不知道如何 不同的因素在学习中起作用和相互作用。这限制了我们有效地翻译基础科学的能力 将知觉可塑性转化为治疗方法的发现可能会帮助全球超过1亿人遭受痛苦 低视力；因疾病、损伤、中风或衰老而导致的视力障碍，具有显著的负面影响 关于个人生活方方面面的协定。填补知识空白和开发新技术的具体目标 整合并受益于多种知觉学习原则的治疗方法，是由 假设将知觉学习原则整合到协调的方法中，将通过 多种机制，以改善更广泛的视觉缺陷。我们提出这一假设的基础是 研究表明，刺激强化偶发事件、多感官刺激、刺激方案 源自对突触可塑性的研究，多刺激训练和视频游戏都会提高幅度 和学习质量。然而，现代知觉学习研究的一个关键局限是专注于单一学习。 LAR机制，它不能解释自然集合中多个学习因素之间的协调相互作用。 丁丁。我们的初步数据显示，集成了多种方法的视频游戏显著提高了 基本视觉能力(例如，敏锐度和对比度)，并推广到未经训练的刺激集。该计划的基本原理 拟议的研究是，综合方法将解开自然学习机制，并改善外部环境。 专为视力低下的患者而设计。在目标1中，我们将研究知觉学习是如何 互动并确定最有效的综合疗法，在目标2中，我们将把这种疗法应用于Low 视觉以了解治疗对影响眼睛优势的疾病机制的作用机制， 视网膜马赛克的空间扭曲，以及眼睛像差的快速变化。我们做好了充分的准备 进行拟议的研究，因为调查团队结合了资深的视频游戏制作 有验光师和神经眼科医生的高管和开发人员，他们有治疗低血压的经验 有视力的人群。亚伦·塞茨(PI)，他发展了这部小说综合考虑的许多原则 方法是基础的，是团队的支柱。这项拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它代表了一种新的 通过整合知觉学习的多个原则，实质性地脱离现状。这份合同- Bution之所以意义重大，是因为治疗低血压的脑部疾病的有效治疗方法的发展。 Sion可以为全球数百万人带来改变生活的好处。我们建议的研究也应该 促进视觉研究领域的范式转变，为设计有效的治疗方法铺平道路 弱视、老年性黄斑变性和白内障等低视力疾病的风险。

There exists a fundamental gap in understanding of the complex interplay of the integrated processes that de- termine, induce and regulate plasticity in the perceptual systems. This gap represents an important problem because we can only have a fractured understanding of plasticity in the visual system without knowing how different factors contribute to and interact in learning. This limits our ability to effectively translate basic science findings of perceptual plasticity into therapies that could help the over 100 million people worldwide who suffer from low vision; deficits in vision due to disease, injury, stroke or aging that have significant negative im- pacts on all aspects of individuals' lives. The specific objective to fill the knowledge gap and develop a novel therapeutic approach that integrates, and benefits from, multiple perceptual-learning principles, is driven by the hypothesis that integrating perceptual-learning principles into a coordinated approach, will operate through multiple mechanisms to ameliorate a wider range of visual deficits. We formulated this hypothesis based on research showing that stimulus-reinforcement contingencies, multisensory stimulation, stimulation protocols derived from studies of synaptic plasticity, multi-stimulus training, and video games all enhance the magnitude and quality of learning. However, a key limitation of modern perceptual-learning research is the focus on singu- lar mechanisms, which fail to illuminate the coordinated interactions of multiple learning factors in natural set- tings. Our preliminary data show that a video game that integrates multiple approaches dramatically improves basic visual abilities (e.g., acuity and contrast), and generalizes to untrained stimulus sets. The rationale of the proposed research is that integrated approaches will unravel natural learning mechanisms and improve out- comes for the patients afflicted with low vision. In Aim 1, we will examine how perceptual learning approaches interact and determine the most efficacious integrated therapy, and in Aim 2, we will apply that therapy to low vision to understand mechanisms of action of the therapy to disease mechanisms affecting eye-dominance, spatial distortion to the retinal mosaic, and rapid change in aberrations in the eye. We are well prepared to undertake the proposed research because the investigative team combines veteran video game production executives and developers with an optometrist and a neuro-ophthalmologist who have experience treating low- vision populations. Aaron Seitz (PI), who developed many of the principles upon which this novel integrative approach is based, anchors the team. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a new and substantive departure from the status quo by integrating multiple principles of perceptual learning. This contri- bution is significant because the development of effective therapies to treat the brain-based aspect of low vi- sion can lead to life-altering benefits for many millions of people worldwide. Our proposed studies should also catalyze a paradigm shift in the field of vision research, and pave the way for designing efficacious treatments of low vision conditions like amblyopia, age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, in the future.