Integrating Perceptual Learning Approaches into Effective Therapies for Low Visio

将感知学习方法融入低视力的有效治疗中

• 批准号: 8889690
• 负责人: Aaron R Seitz
• 金额: $ 34.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8889690
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age related macular degeneration; Aging; Amblyopia; Asses; Base of the Brain; Biological Preservation; Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Complement; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Custom; Data; Development; Disease; Eye; Eyeglasses; Fracture; Future; Goals; Health; Impairment; Individual; Injury; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Life; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Mission; Nature; Ocular Dominance; Ophthalmologist; Optometrist; Outcome; Patients; Perceptual learning; Photic Stimulation; Population; Process; Production; Property; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Publishing; Research; Research Support; Retinal; Speed; Staging; Stimulus; Stroke; Synapses; Synaptic plasticity; System; Target Populations; Therapeutic; Training; Translating; Veterans; Video Games; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision research; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; design; effective therapy; experience; improved; innovation; multisensory; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; prevent; rehabilitation service; retinal damage; sensory system; therapy development; therapy outcome; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There exists a fundamental gap in understanding of the complex interplay of the integrated processes that determine, induce and regulate plasticity in the perceptual systems. This gap represents an important problem because we can only have a fractured understanding of plasticity in the visual system without knowing how different factors contribute to and interact in learning. This limits our ability to effectively translate basic sciece findings of perceptual plasticity into therapies that could help the over 100 million people worldwide who suffer from low vision; deficits in vision due to disease, injury, stroke or aging that have significant negative impacts on all aspects of individuals' lives. The specific objective to fill the knowledge gap and develop a novel therapeutic approach that integrates, and benefits from, multiple perceptual-learning principles, is driven by the hypothesis that integrating perceptual-learning principles into a coordinated approach, will operate through multiple mechanisms to ameliorate a wider range of visual deficits. We formulated this hypothesis based on research showing that stimulus-reinforcement contingencies, multisensory stimulation, stimulation protocols derived from studies of synaptic plasticity, multi-stimulus training, and video games all enhance the magnitude and quality of learning. However, a key limitation of modern perceptual-learning research is the focus on singular mechanisms, which fail to illuminate the coordinated interactions of multiple learning factors in natural set- tings. Our preliminary data show that a video game that integrates multiple approaches dramatically improves basic visual abilities (e.g., acuity and contrast), and generalizes to untrained stimulus sets. The rationale of the proposed research is that integrated approaches will unravel natural learning mechanisms and improve out- comes for the patients afflicted with low vision. In Aim 1, we will examine how perceptual learning approaches interact and determine the most efficacious integrated therapy, and in Aim 2, we will apply that therapy to low vision to understand mechanisms of action of the therapy to disease mechanisms affecting eye-dominance, spatial distortion to the retinal mosaic, and rapid change in aberrations in the eye. We are well prepared to undertake the proposed research because the investigative team combines veteran video game production executives and developers with an optometrist and a neuro-ophthalmologist who have experience treating low- vision populations. Aaron Seitz (PI), who developed many of the principles upon which this novel integrative approach is based, anchors the team. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a new and substantive departure from the status quo by integrating multiple principles of perceptual learning. This contribution is significant because the development of effective therapies to treat the brain-based aspect of low vision can lead to life-altering benefits for many millions of people worldwide. Our proposed studies should also catalyze a paradigm shift in the field of vision research, and pave the way for designing efficacious treatments of low vision conditions like amblyopia, age-related macular degeneration and cataracts, in the future.

描述(由申请人提供)：对于决定、诱导和调节知觉系统可塑性的综合过程的复杂相互作用，存在着根本的理解差距。这一差距代表了一个重要的问题，因为我们只能对视觉系统的可塑性有一个支离破碎的理解，而不知道不同的因素是如何在学习中起作用和相互作用的。这限制了我们有效地将知觉可塑性的基本科学发现转化为治疗方法的能力，这些疗法可以帮助全球超过1亿人患有低视力；由于疾病、伤害、中风或衰老而导致的视力缺陷，对个人生活的方方面面都有重大的负面影响。具体目标 填补知识空白并开发一种新的治疗方法，整合并受益于多种知觉学习原则，是由一种假设推动的，即将知觉学习原则整合到一个协调的方法中，将通过多种机制来改善更广泛的视觉缺陷。我们提出这一假设的基础是研究表明，刺激强化偶发事件、多感官刺激、突触可塑性研究得出的刺激方案、多刺激训练和视频游戏都能提高学习的规模和质量。然而，现代知觉学习研究的一个关键局限是关注单一机制，无法解释自然环境中多个学习因素之间的协调作用。我们的初步数据显示，集成了多种方法的视频游戏显著提高了基本的视觉能力(例如，敏锐度和对比度)，并推广到未经训练的刺激集。这项拟议的研究的基本原理是，综合方法将解开自然学习机制，并改善视力低下患者的结果。在目标1中，我们将研究知觉学习方法如何相互作用并确定最有效的综合疗法，在目标2中，我们将把这种疗法应用于低视力，以了解该疗法对影响眼睛优势、视网膜马赛克的空间扭曲和眼睛像差快速变化的疾病机制的作用机制。我们已经为开展拟议的研究做好了充分的准备，因为调查团队将经验丰富的视频游戏制作高管和开发人员与一名验光师和一名具有治疗低视力人群经验的神经眼科医生结合在一起。Aaron Seitz(PI)开发了这种新颖的综合方法所基于的许多原则，他支撑着团队。这项拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它通过整合知觉学习的多个原则，代表了对现状的新的实质性偏离。这一贡献意义重大，因为开发有效的疗法来治疗基于大脑的低视力可以为数百万人带来改变生活的好处。 全世界。我们提出的研究还应该促进视觉研究领域的范式转变，并为未来设计有效的治疗低视力疾病的方法铺平道路，如弱视、老年性黄斑变性和白内障。