PROCESSING SPEED, WORKING MEMORY AND COGNITION IN DAT

DAT 中的处理速度、工作记忆和认知

• 批准号: 2054862
• 负责人: SANDRA S HALE
• 金额: $ 9.91万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2054862
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; cognition; cognition disorders; dementia; human old age (65+); human subject; memory; memory disorders; neural information processing; performance; short term memory; young adult human (21-34)

The proposed research plan applies recent theoretical models to the variety of cognitive changes that characterize Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT). Healthy elderly adults exhibit Changes that appear similar to, but much milder than, those observed in DAT. In three studies, each examining performance on at least 12 tasks, subjects with DAT will be compared with both young and healthy elderly adults in order to address the question of whether cognitive changes in DAT represent exaggerated aging or unique pathology. Taken together, the three studies will generate precise information about the interrelations between many of the cognitive symptoms of this disease, focusing on the extent to which slowing in DAT is global or task-specific, and the consequences of slower processing for memory and cognition. Salthouse (e.g., 1991, 1992) has proposed a model in which the cognitive changes associated with normal aging form a cascade: A global decrease in processing speed leads to a decrease in working memory capacity that, in turn, causes a decline in higher cognitive abilities. The purposes of the first study are to test a model of cognitive changes in DAT that parallels Salthouse's account of normal aging and to explore the relations between speed, memory, and higher cognitive abilities. The second study will examine more closely the link between speed and memory. Baddeley (e.g., 1983, 1992) has proposed a three-component model in which working memory function depends upon two modality-specific slave systems controlled by a central executive. Like Salthouse, Baddeley has suggested that speed, more specifically articulation rate, is a major determinant of the capacity of working memory. In addition, Baddeley suggested that deficits in the central executive underlie working memory deficits in DAT. The second study will evaluate Baddeley's model and test his hypothesis concerning central executive deficits in DAT. In healthy elderly, the ability to process and remember lexical information is much better preserved than the ability to processing and remember nonlexical information (Myerson & Hale, 1993; Hale, Myerson, & Rhee, 1994), and the same appears to true in DAT. Although Baddeley's working memory model includes only one slave system for visuospatial information, recent research in cognitive neuroscience has identified separate neural processing streams specialized for perceiving and remembering objects and locations. The third study will examine whether object and location information are both more sensitive than lexical information to the effects of aging and DAT.

拟议的研究计划将最近的理论模型应用于 阿尔茨海默氏症的各种认知变化特征 类型（DAT）。健康的老年人表现出类似于， 但比DAT中观察到的要轻得多。在三项研究中， 检查至少12项任务的表现，DAT受试者将 与年轻和健康的老年人相比， DAT的认知变化是否代表夸大的问题， 老化或独特的病理学。综合起来，这三项研究将产生 关于许多认知之间的相互关系的精确信息 这种疾病的症状，重点关注DAT减慢的程度 是全局的或特定于任务的， 记忆和认知。 盐屋（例如，1991年，1992年）提出了一个模型，其中认知 与正常衰老相关的变化形成级联： 处理速度会导致工作记忆容量的下降， 转，导致高级认知能力下降。的目的 第一项研究是测试DAT中的认知变化模型， Salthouse对正常衰老的解释，并探讨 速度、记忆力和更高的认知能力。 第二项研究将更密切地审查速度与 记忆Baddeley（例如，1983，1992）提出了一个三组分模型 其中工作记忆功能依赖于两个特定于模态从机 由中央执行机构控制的系统。和索尔特豪斯一样，巴德利也有 建议速度，更具体地说，清晰度，是一个主要的 工作记忆容量的决定因素。此外，巴德利 表明中央执行系统的缺陷是工作记忆的基础 第二项研究将评估Baddeley的模型和测试 他关于DAT中中央执行缺陷的假说。 在健康的老年人中， 信息保存得比处理能力更好， 记住非词汇信息（Myerson &黑尔，1993年;黑尔，Myerson，& Rhee，1994），在DAT中似乎也是如此。 工作记忆模型只包括一个视觉空间的从系统 信息，认知神经科学的最新研究已经确定， 分离的神经处理流专门用于感知和 记住物体和位置。第三项研究将审查是否 对象和位置信息都比词汇信息更敏感 信息对老化和DAT的影响。