PROCESSING SPEED, WORKING MEMORY, AND COGNITION IN DAT

DAT 中的处理速度、工作记忆和认知

• 批准号: 6218678
• 负责人: SANDRA S HALE
• 金额: $ 18.29万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-08-15 至 2000-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6218678
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; human old age (65+); human subject; intelligence tests; language; neural information processing; performance; psychological models; psychomotor reaction time; reading; semantics; sensory discrimination; short term memory; space perception; stimulus /response; verbal behavior; visual perception; young adult human (21-34)

The proposed research plan applies recent theoretical models to the variety of cognitive changes that characterize Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT). Healthy elderly adults exhibit changes that appear similar to, but much milder than, those observed in DAT. In three studies, each examining performance on at least 12 tasks, subjects with DAT will be compared with both young and healthy elderly adults in order to address the question of whether cognitive changes in DAT represent exaggerated aging or unique pathology. Taken together, the three studies will generate precise information about the interrelations between many of the cognitive symptoms of this disease, focusing on the extent to which slowing in DAT is global or task-specific, and the consequences of slower processing for memory and cognition. Salthouse has proposed a model in which the cognitive changes associated with normal aging form a cascade: A global decrease in processing speed leads to a decrease in working memory capacity that, in turn, causes a decline in higher cognitive abilities. The purposes of the first study are to test a model of cognitive changes in DAT that parallels Salthouse's account of normal aging and to explore the relations between speed, memory, and higher cognitive abilities. The second study will examine more closely the link between speed and memory. Baddeley has proposed a three-component model in which working memory function depends upon two modality-specific slave systems controlled by a central executive. Like Salthouse, Baddeley has suggested that speed, more specifically articulation rate, is a major determinant of the capacity of working memory. In addition, Baddeley suggested that deficits in the central executive underlie working memory deficits in DAT. The second study will evaluate Baddeley's model and test his hypothesis concerning central executive deficits in DAT. In healthy elderly, the ability to process and remember lexical information is much better preserved than the ability to process and remember nonlexical information, and the same appears to be true in DAT. Although Baddeley's working memory model includes only one slave system for visuospatial information, recent research in cognitive neuroscience has identified separate neural processing streams specialized for perceiving and remembering objects and locations. The third study will examine whether object and location information are both more sensitive than lexical information to the effects of aging and DAT.

拟议的研究计划将最近的理论模型应用于 阿尔茨海默氏症的各种认知变化特征 类型（DAT）。健康的老年人表现出类似于， 但比DAT中观察到的要轻得多。在三项研究中， 检查至少12项任务的表现，DAT受试者将 与年轻和健康的老年人相比， DAT的认知变化是否代表夸大的问题， 老化或独特的病理学。综合起来，这三项研究将产生 关于许多认知之间的相互关系的精确信息 这种疾病的症状，重点关注DAT减慢的程度 是全局的或特定于任务的， 记忆和认知。 Salthouse提出了一个模型，在这个模型中， 与正常老化形成级联：处理速度的整体下降 导致工作记忆容量的下降，反过来又导致 高级认知能力下降。第一项研究的目的是 测试一个与Salthouse相似的DAT认知变化模型， 说明正常老化，并探讨速度， 记忆和更高的认知能力。 第二项研究将更密切地审查速度与 记忆Baddeley提出了一个三要素模型， 记忆功能取决于两个特定模态的从属系统 由中央执行机构控制。像索尔特豪斯一样，巴德利建议 该速度，更具体地说是发音速率，是 工作记忆的容量。此外，巴德利建议， 在DAT中，中央执行的缺陷是工作记忆缺陷的基础。 第二项研究将评估巴德利的模型并检验他的假设 关于DAT中的中央执行缺陷。 在健康的老年人中， 信息保存得比处理能力更好， 记住非词汇信息，在DAT中似乎也是如此。 虽然巴德利的工作记忆模型只包括一个从系统 对于视觉空间信息，认知神经科学的最新研究 已经确定了专门用于 感知和记忆物体和位置。第三项研究将 检查对象和位置信息是否都更敏感 而词汇信息对年龄和DAT的影响更大。