BIOTRIBOLOGY OF DIARTHRODIAL JOINTS

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)：了解 腹泻性关节的润滑一直是 自本世纪初以来在生物力学领域的研究。这个过程 维持这种有效润滑的方式还没有完全实现 虽然已经提出了关于这个主题的几种理论，但我还是理解了 这些年来。在腹泻的生物摩擦学研究中 最近关节比较有限，申请人认为 目前存在着在以下方面取得重大进展的独特机会 这片区域。这项研究的目的是提供一种新的 预测关节摩擦响应的定量理论 软骨，并进行实验，直接测试预测 这种提出的摩擦理论的能力。软骨的依赖性 边界润滑剂存在时的摩擦性能 胶原蛋白超微结构的完整性也将被调查。 这些目标将通过使用 软骨的理论模型以及最新文献 摩擦实验的发现。一个正确的理论模型 软骨摩擦力应该可以通过实验预测所有 观察到的现象，或如果混合润滑模式占优势，则大多数现象。 其中包括预测软骨摩擦的能力 系数依赖于时间，依赖于速度和载荷， 同时几乎不依赖于滑液的粘度。这个 这种预测模型的开发在几个层面上都具有重要意义。 首先，对腹泻菌的生物摩擦学有一个基本的了解 几十年来，关节一直是一个难以实现的基础科学目标。一个 全面而准确的理论将有助于解释润滑剂 机制迄今知之甚少，并将提供关于 该机构如何适应间歇性运动和高负荷 腹泻关节。第二，有了理论知识。 润滑机制将提供更好的预测能力 机制可能会因材料的作用而恶化或失效 性质改变(例如，软骨或滑液变性)， 或几何变化(例如，软骨变薄，表面重塑， 手术干预)。第三，对行为的准确了解 软骨的摩擦系数可能会提供更大的 理解摩擦面牵引力对状态的作用 软骨内的应力，以及软骨是否恶化 摩擦特性可能通过机械作用促进组织退变 小路。这项提案的长期目标之一是证明 报告中所报道的摩擦性能的广泛变化 文学不一定彼此不一致，而且可以是 与理论上可以描述的基本机制有关， 并通过实验进行了验证。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the Applicant's Abstract): Understanding the lubrication of diarthrodial joints has been an important objective in the field of biomechanics since the early part of this century. The process by which this efficient lubrication is maintained is not yet fully understood although several theories on this topic have been advanced through the years. While research in the biotribology of diarthrodial joints has been relatively limited recently, the applicant believes that there currently exists a unique opportunity to achieve major strides in this area. The objectives of this study are to provide a new quantitative theory for predicting the frictional response of articular cartilage, and to perform experiments that directly test the predictive ability of this proposed friction theory. The dependence of cartilage frictional properties on the presence of a boundary lubricant and on the integrity of the collagen ultrastructure will also be investigated. These objectives will be achieved using the latest developments in the theoretical modeling of cartilage, as well as the latest literature findings from frictional experiments. A correct theoretical model of cartilage friction should be expected to predict all experimentally observed phenomena, or most of them if mixed lubrications modes prevail. These include the ability to predict that the cartilage friction coefficient is time-dependent, velocity-dependent, and load-dependent, while being nearly independent of the viscosity of synovial fluid. The development of such a predictive model is significant at several levels. First, a fundamental understanding of the biotribology of diarthrodial joints has been an elusive basic science goal for several decades. A comprehensive and accurate theory would shed light into a lubrication mechanism heretofore poorly understood, and would provide insights on how that mechanism is suited for the intermittent motions and high loads of diarthrodial joints. Second, a theoretical knowledge of the lubrication mechanism will provide a better ability to predict how that mechanism might deteriorate or be defeated as a result of material property changes (e.g., from cartilage or synovial fluid degeneration), or geometry changes (e.g., cartilage thinning, surface remodeling, surgical interventions). Third, precise knowledge of the behavior of the frictional coefficient of cartilage may provide a greater understanding of the role of frictional surface tractions on the state of stress within cartilage, and whether a deterioration of the frictional properties may promote tissue degeneration through mechanical pathways. One of the long-term goals of this proposal is to demonstrate that the wide variation of frictional properties reported in the literature are not necessarily inconsistent with each other, and can be related to fundamental mechanisms that can be described theoretically, and verified experimentally.