PHYLOGENY AND ONTOGENY OF AN AUDITORY SYSTEM

这项研究旨在发现在感觉上发生了什么变化， 在耳聋和耳聋之间的进化过渡过程中， 听觉动物 新的处理电路是否专门用于 听证会？或者现有的电路以某种方式修改？是什么 潜在的机械感受性中枢神经系统基板的听力？我们建议使用 昆虫系统作为模型来回答这些问题。 的 螳螂的独特之处在于拥有一个单一的超声波敏感的 耳朵在身体的腹侧中线，和中枢神经系统的终端， 鼓膜神经与其他昆虫不同。 同时使用 比较（系统发育）和发育（个体发育）策略， 我们将追溯螳螂听觉系统的起源，特别是 中央组成部分，与其他直翅目昆虫相比， 听力和听力障碍。 我们将从解剖学和神经生理学上 将有听力的动物与先天性和继发性失聪的螳螂进行对比， 也与进化出第二个系列同源的物种 耳朵 我们将定义若虫的结构和功能的变化， 螳螂耳朵免疫组织化学技术将允许比较 螳螂耳朵的胚胎发育与聋人的耳朵 外群蟑螂 两条平行的研究路径将 集中在螳螂听觉系统的前体和 导致听力的过程。

This research seeks to discover what changes occur in the sensory periphery and the CNS during the evolutionary transition between deaf and hearing animals. Do new processing circuits arise specifically for hearing? Or are existing circuits modified somehow? What is the underlying mechanoreceptive CNS substrate for hearing? We propose to use an insect system as a model with which to answer these questions. The praying mantis is unique in possessing a single, ultrasound-sensitive ear in the ventral midline of the body, and the CNS terminations of the tympanal nerve are different from those in any other insect. Using both comparative (phylogenetic) and developmental (ontogenetic) strategies, we will trace the origins of the mantis auditory system, especially the central components, for comparison with other orthopteroid insects, both hearing and deaf. We will anatomically and neurophysiologically contrast hearing animals with primitively and secondarily deaf mantises, and also with species that have evolved a second, serially homologous ear. We will define nymphal changes in structure and function of the mantis ear. Immunohistochemical techniques will allow comparison of the embryological development of the mantis ear with that of a deaf outgroup, the cockroaches. The two parallel research paths will converge on the precursors of the mantis auditory system and the processes leading to audition.