ONTOGENY AND MAINTENANCE OF REGIONAL FAT DISTRIBUTION

肥胖及其伴随的发病率影响了多达25%的 美国的成人和儿童人群， 医疗保健和脂肪饮食花费的费用难以估量 以及其他减轻重量的方法。 流行病学研究 表明脂肪在中央（腹部）的分布与 外周（臀肌）贮库与绝对贮库一样重要，或更重要 肥胖作为肥胖相关疾病风险的指标， 如糖尿病、高血压、高脂血症、心肌梗塞， 脑血管疾病 本实验室和其他地方的研究 报告说，个别成人体型往往持续广泛 体重的波动。 局部脂肪组织样本的研究 已经表明腹部脂肪对 β-肾上腺素能（脂解）刺激，而臀部脂肪是惊人的更多 对α-肾上腺素能（抗脂解）刺激有反应，这些 肾上腺素受体状态的区域差异不存在于 青春期前的孩子 由于成年人的体型会随着时间的推移而持续， 非常希望进一步描述那些 参与个体发育和个体体型的维持。 上述区域性肾上腺素受体状态的差异将倾向于 有利于更中心或“男性”型脂肪组织分布。 这 研究建议检查腹部和臀部皮下脂肪 来自不同青春期阶段的儿童和成人的组织样品 以确定在什么时候“成人型”区域肾上腺素受体 状态差异变得明显，并检查亚细胞机制 它们可能是这些差异的中介。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 将收集大量儿童的人体测量数据 和成年人暴露于产前和产后状态的低-和高- 雄激素水平，以确定是否有一个点， 雄激素会在脂肪库上产生“印记”， 体型

Obesity, and its attendant morbidities affect as many as 25% of the adult and pediatric population of the United States and represent incalculable costs in terms of health care and monies spent on fat diets and other means of weight reduction. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the distribution of fat in central (abdominal) versus peripheral (gluteal) depots is as, or more, important than absolute fatness as an indicator of the risk of adiposity-related morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular disease. Studies in this laboratory and elsewhere have reported that the individual adult somatotype tends to persist over wide fluctuations in body weight. Studies of regional adipose tissue samples have shown that abdominal fat is significantly more responsive to beta-adrenergic (lipolytic) stimuli while gluteal fat is strikingly more responsive to alpha-adrenergic (anti-lipolytic) stimuli and that these regional differences in adrenoreceptor status are not present in pre-pubertal children. Since the adult body habitus persist over time, it is highly desirable to further delineate those processes which are involved in the ontogeny and maintenance of the individual somatotype. The regional adrenoreceptor status differences noted above would tend to favor a more central or "male" type adipose tissue distribution. This study proposes to examine abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children at various pubertal stages and from adults to determine at what point the "adult type" regional adrenoreceptor status differences become evident and to examine subcellular mechanisms which are likely mediators of these differences. In addition, anthropometric data will be collected on a large population of children and adults exposed to pre- and post-natal states of hypo- and hyper- androgenism to determine whether there is a point at which exposure to androgens results in "imprinting" on fat depots which affects the adult somatotype.