ACOUSTIC BEHAVIOR--NEURAL AND COMPARATIVE BASES

声学行为——神经和比较基础

• 批准号: 2124581
• 负责人: RONALD R HOY
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-09-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2124581
• 关键词: Diptera; Orthoptera; animal communication behavior; auditory discrimination; auditory pathways; auditory stimulus; electrophysiology; evolution; neural information processing; neural plasticity; neurophysiology; neurotransmitters; psychobiology; single cell analysis

We are investigating the neurobehavioral mechanisms that underlie auditory function and communication in crickets because these insects can serve as a model systems for understanding audition in higher animals. We are studying how crickets discriminate among potential mates and rivals, and how they detect and avoid predators, on the basis of acoustic signals. The simplicity of a cricket's auditory behavior and neural pathways permits a cellular analysis of how auditory information is processed and translated into adaptive behavioral acts. The well-known acoustic startle response (ASR) of mammals has numerous parallels in the ultrasound ASR of flying crickets. Moreover, the AsR in crickets can serve as a model system to investigate mechanisms of auditory processing that are ordinarily studied in mammalian audition, such as the precedence effect, habituation, prepulse inhibition, sensitization, and categorical perception. In the cricket, the neural basis underlying this processing is subserved by much simpler neural systems. Behavioral plasticity occurs in audition and likely involves neuromodulatory mechanisms. The simplicity of the cricket's auditory system, and our knowledge of the cellular relationships in the neural network underlying audition, provides an accessible experimental system for the investigation of neuromodulation of audition at the cellular level. The auditory behavior of crickets can be modified by manipulation of stimulus conditions; the extent to which biogenic amines are involved in modulating behavioral plasticity will be investigated. Hearing has evolved many times in insects and has produced a wealth of novel auditory mechanisms for both the detection and directionality of a sound source. Tympanal hearing has recently been found in an acoustic parasitoid fly. The structure and function of its hearing organ challenges our understanding of how an ear extracts directional information from a sound source. The opportunity to learn how other species solve such a primary problem is a fundamental benefit of making comparative studies of hearing, and these may lead to insights that touch basic issues in hearing.

我们正在研究听觉背后的神经行为机制 蟋蟀的功能和交流，因为这些昆虫可以充当 用于理解高等动物听觉的模型系统。我们是 研究蟋蟀如何区分潜在的配偶和竞争对手，以及 它们如何根据声音信号检测和躲避捕食者。这 蟋蟀的听觉行为和神经通路的简单性允许 听觉信息如何处理和翻译的细胞分析 转化为适应性行为行为。众所周知的声学惊吓反应 哺乳动物的 ASR（ASR）与飞行的超声 ASR 有许多相似之处 蟋蟀。此外，蟋蟀的 AsR 可以作为模型系统 研究通常研究的听觉处理机制 在哺乳动物的听觉中，例如优先效应、习惯化、 前脉冲抑制、敏化和分类知觉。在 板球，这种处理背后的神经基础受到很大的促进 更简单的神经系统。 行为可塑性发生在试镜中，可能涉及 神经调节机制。蟋蟀听觉的简单性 系统，以及我们对神经细胞关系的了解 网络底层试听，提供可访问的实验系统 用于研究细胞听觉的神经调节 等级。蟋蟀的听觉行为可以通过操纵来改变 刺激条件；生物胺的参与程度 将研究调节行为可塑性的作用。 昆虫的听觉经历了多次进化，并产生了丰富的 用于检测和定向声音的新颖听觉机制 声源。最近在声学研究中发现了鼓膜听力 寄生蝇。其听觉器官的结构和功能面临挑战 我们对耳朵如何从声音中提取方向信息的理解 声源。有机会了解其他物种如何解决这样的问题 主要问题是进行比较研究的根本好处 听力，这些可能会带来触及基本问题的见解 听力。