VIOLENCE IN CRACK USER/SELLER HOUSEHOLDS

侵略和暴力不成比例地用黑色表示 社区。文献回顾和初步调查结果表明， 家庭和家庭的经历对于 理解暴力。一个具有科学重要性的关键领域并没有 被系统地研究过：暴力发生的社会过程 在涉及毒品和毒品的黑人家庭或亲属网络中以及如何 家庭组织支持将暴力传播到 几代人。这项研究将集中在吸毒者的家庭中。 和卖家：1.描述和记录精明的经销商、卖家或 施虐者回忆起侵略和暴力在他们的家庭中的作用 定向，以及这样的经历可能如何促进或阻碍暴力 以及他们生活中的攻击性行为。2.记录组织的角色 家庭/亲属网络中的强奸者/施虐者传播 攻击性和暴力行为，以及参与毒品交易， 敬孩子们。3.分析如何在黑色中发现攻击性和暴力 家庭和亲属网络是如何被感知/概念化的，以及这些 观念符合更大的社会文化、历史和经济 背景。 拟议研究的主要假设是攻击性和暴力 在强奸犯/卖家的家庭中由成年人组织 根据价值观、行为规范、模式化行为， 暴力的亚文化--它受到了 破解生意。此外，在这样的家庭中抚养的孩子是 可能在情感上被严重忽视，没有传统的角色 模型，体验攻击和暴力的广泛建模 成年人。并有很高的可能性受到积极的对待 实际上是在他们的家庭中受到虐待。 在资助年度1-3期间，将进行深入的人种学研究。 将收集来自10个家庭的深入观察和访谈 有复杂的家庭结构和亲属网络。家庭将成为 从两种主要的家庭类型中选择：“准核心”和“单身” 在每个家庭类型下有四个特定类别的焦点 主题将被选择：“经销商”、“卖家”、“非销售者”和 “非吸毒者。”关键亲属和其他家庭成员也将 被选中了。这10个家庭将通过直接 人种学观察(生成广泛的实地笔记)，深入 定性访谈和暴力事件访谈 好几年了。广泛的分析将解决几个重要的假设，以及 建议改进干预侵略循环的政策， 与毒品有关的家庭中的暴力行为。

Aggression and violence are disproportionately represented in black communities. The literature review and preliminary findings suggest that experiences in the family and household are critically important for understanding violence. A critical area of scientific importance has not been systematically studied: The social processes by which violence occurs within crack- and drug-involved black families or kin networks and how household organization supports the transmission of violence across generations. This research will focus upon the households of crack abusers and sellers: 1. To describe and document how crack dealers, sellers, or abusers recall the role of aggression and violence in their families of orientation, and how such experiences may contribute to or retard violent and aggressive behavior in their lives. 2. To document the role of the family/kin network of crack sellers/abusers in the transmission of aggressive and violent behavior, and involvements in drug participation, to children. 3. To analyze how aggression and violence found in black family and kin networks is perceived/conceptualized and how these perceptions fit within the larger socio-cultural historical and economic context. The major hypothesis of the proposed study is that aggression and violence by adults in the households of crack abusers/sellers is organized according to the values, conduct norms, patterned behaviors, of the subculture of violence--which has been substantially influenced by the crack business. Moreover, children being raised in such households are likely to be seriously neglected emotionally, have no conventional role models, experience extensive modeling of aggression and violence by adults. and have a high likelihood of being treated aggressively and actually abused in their households. During grant years 1-3, intensive ethnographic research will be conducted. In-depth observations and interviews will be gathered from 10 households with complex family structures and kin networks. Households will be selected from 2 major family types: "Quasi-Nuclear" and "Single Parent/Extended." Under each family type four specific categories of focal subjects will be selected: "Dealer," "Seller," "Nonselling Abuser," and "Nondrug User." A key kinsperson and other family member will also be selected. These 10 households will be intensively studied via direct ethnographic observations (generating extensive field notes), in-depth qualitative interviews, and violent event interviews during each of three years. Extensive analyses will address several important hypotheses, and suggest improved policies for intervening in the cycle of aggression and violence within drug-involved households.