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MEASURING DIETARY FIBER

测量膳食纤维

基本信息

批准号：
2137600
负责人：
JUDITH A. MARLETT
金额：
$ 24.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1983
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1983-12-01 至 1998-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Different dietary fiber (DF) sources elicit different physiological responses. The long term goal of this research program is to elucidate the mechanisms of action for dietary fiber. Giber's effects on the physiology and biochemistry in the gastrointestinal tract are a consequence of both its presence and its metabolism. However, net fermentation and the presence of undigested DF do not explain its effect on stool weight. DF is implicated in colon carcinogenesis, although its role is controversial in part because epidemiological and experimental data have been inconsistent. Absorption of fermentation products, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), has been demonstrated, although no DF is currently assigned a caloric value. The overall aim of this competing renewal is to determine the site, rate and extent of fermentation in monogastric species to test the hypotheses that is the rate, site and extent of fermentation and its effect on microbial growth and metabolism that determine which DF sources will increase stool weight, inhibit toxic or carcinogenic metabolic activity or provide net energy to the host. DF's rate of fermentation can be predicted in part by its solubility, although current analytic methods underestimate soluble DF reaching the colon. Some data indicate that DF affects secretion of small bowel mucin. Other data indicate that starch assimilation from legumes and processed grain products is incomplete. The relative proportion of soluble DF, mucin and starch reaching the colon will be determined as they would confound the relationships between DF fermentation and stool weight, microbial metabolism and net energy bioavailability. Experiments will be conducted in intact and colectomized rats, and in swine with cannulas chronically implanted in the gut. Plant-, bacterially- and endogenously-derived CHO will be distinguished on the basis of solubility, size and neutral and amino sugar composition. Relative rates and ratios of SCFA production will be determined to clarify proposed roles of SCFA in mucosal cell growth and in inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Results from the proposed research will define optimal DF sources for the prevention and treatment of constipation and diverticulosis, and possibly for hypercholesterolemia and colon cancer. These experiments will provide evidence that some DF should be assigned caloric values and may need to be considered as energy sources in diabetic and weight reduction diets and products.

不同来源的膳食纤维会引起不同的生理反应回应。这项研究计划的长期目标是阐明膳食纤维的作用机制。吉伯对人类社会的影响胃肠道中的生理和生化是一种它的存在和新陈代谢的结果。然而，Net 发酵和未消化的DF的存在不能解释其效果关于大便的重量。DF与结肠癌的发生有关，尽管它角色是有争议的，部分原因是流行病学和实验性的数据一直不一致。发酵产品的吸收，短链脂肪酸(SCFA)已被证实，尽管没有DF 目前被分配了一个卡路里数值。本次大赛的总体目标是更新是为了确定发酵的地点、速度和程度单胃物种来检验假设，即速率、位置和发酵程度及其对微生物生长代谢的影响决定哪些DF来源会增加粪便重量，抑制毒性或致癌代谢活动或为宿主提供净能量。 DF的发酵速度可以部分地由其溶解度来预测，尽管目前的分析方法低估了可溶DF达到冒号。一些数据表明，DF会影响小肠的分泌。粘液。其他数据表明，豆类和豆类的淀粉同化加工的粮食产品不完整。的相对比例到达结肠的可溶性膳食纤维、粘蛋白和淀粉将被测定为他们会混淆DF发酵和粪便之间的关系体重、微生物代谢和净能量生物利用率。实验将在完整的和切除结肠的大鼠身上进行，在有插管长期植入肠道。植物-、细菌-和内源性CHO将在以下基础上加以区分溶解度、大小和中性及氨基糖组成。相对汇率并将确定超临界脂肪酸的生产比例，以澄清建议单链脂肪酸在粘膜细胞生长和抑制肝脏中的作用胆固醇合成。拟议研究的结果将确定预防和治疗便秘和便秘的最佳DF来源憩室病，可能是高胆固醇血症和结肠癌。这些实验将提供证据，证明应该分配一些DF 卡路里数值，并可能需要考虑作为能源糖尿病和减肥饮食及产品。