Dispatchable Air Conditioning (DAC)

印度现有的电力供需管理方法正在受到经济和人口增长驱动的需求增加、低碳转型驱动的连接间歇性发电增长以及部分由城市空气污染问题驱动的交通电气化的影响。人们普遍认为，如果要实现与供应安全、脱碳和空气质量相关的政策目标，就需要采用新的方法来协助电网管理。住宅领域需求增长的一个关键驱动力是住宅空调（AC）系统的采用，在许多城市中心已达到40%。这项技术也代表了一个未开发的需求响应机会;例如，在美国提供c8 GW的灵活运行储备，与灵活性供应的替代方法相比，具有高度的成本竞争力。DAC项目开发了一种新型控制系统，能够从印度现有的住宅AC系统中获得灵活性。该系统使用电网属性触发器（例如，电压、频率）和基于时间的信号，基于来自多目标、基于云的控制平台的输入来修改AC系统的操作。控制器测量住宅的内部温度，以确保接入的AC系统的灵活性受到所发现的局部热舒适性要求的约束。该系统方法的证据基础将由一个现场试验提供，该试验涉及在位于印度南部泰米尔纳德邦的30个住宅中部署DAC系统，为期六个月的现场试验。该系统的设计和商业化将由三个利益相关者研讨会指导。从第一个输出将被用来定义相关的印度电网管理在配电和网络级的控制目标。第二个项目的产出将探索提供这些服务可以创造的价值，从而允许随后开发新的商业模式，将所有利益相关者之间的衍生价值社会化。这些商业模式将使用第三次研讨会的成果进行调整，该研讨会调查了该技术的任何分布影响的缓解方法。DAC项目将由一个已建立的团队交付和管理，该团队在过去三年中一直在印度就需求和电网管理项目进行合作。他们包含社会包容，热舒适，产品设计，数据科学，控制理论和可持续发展领域的业务发展专家，并在国家和州一级包含印度能源政策的广泛影响者网络。

Incumbent methods of managing supply and demand of electricity in India are being disrupted by increased demand driven by economic and population growth, growth in connected intermittent generation driven by the low carbon transition and by the electrification of transport driven in part by urban air pollution concerns. It is widely acknowledged that new approaches are required to assist grid management if policy objectives associated with security of supply, decarbonisation and air quality are to be met.A key driver of demand growth in the residential sector is the uptake of residential air conditioning (AC) systems which has reached 40% in many urban centres. This technology also represents an untapped demand response opportunity; for instance providing c8GW of flexible operating reserve in the US with provision highly cost competitive compared to alternative methods of flexibility provision.The DAC project develops a novel control system capable of accessing flexibility from existing residential AC systems in India. The system modifies operation of AC systems based on input from a multi-objective, cloud-based control platform using grid property triggers (e.g. voltage, frequency) and time based signals. The controller measures internal temperature in the dwelling to ensure that the accessed AC system flexibility is constrained by found, local thermal comfort requirements. An evidence base for the system approach will be provided by a field trial involving deployment of DAC systems in a 30 dwelling, six month field trial located in Tamil Nadu in Southern India.The design and commercialisation of the system will be guided by three stakeholder workshops. Output from the first will be used to define control objectives relevant to Indian grid management at both distribution and network level. Output from the second will explore the value that can be created from provision of these services, allowing subsequent development of novel business models that socialise derived value between all stakeholders. These business models will be tempered using output from the third workshop that investigates mitigation approaches for any distributional effects of the technology.The DAC project will be delivered and managed by an established team who have been collaborating on demand and grid management projects in India for the last three years. They contain experts in social inclusion , thermal comfort, product design, data science, control theory and business development in the sustainability sector and contain a wide network of influencers in Indian energy policy at both a National and State level.