OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS AND PREMATURE INFANTS

二十二碳六烯酸(DHA，22：6n-3)是神经营养物质的主要成分。 视网膜膜。有限的积累与学习和 视力缺陷。DHA由母亲传染给胎儿/婴儿 在最后三个月的宫内和牛奶中。早产儿可能 既没有母体DHA，也没有DHA商店和有限的DHA 由亚麻酸合成。RBC DHA出现非生理性下降 在早产后，除非喂食DHA(人奶、鱼油)。脂类 在大学新生儿中心进行的补充研究 田纳西州的孟菲斯将被引导到评估 膜生物化学中特定的n-6和n-3类脂类 敏锐度、再认记忆、粒细胞对刺激和呼吸道的反应 功能。1987年，这一出生体重类别的195名婴儿 从单位里被实况释放。营养团队确保单位始终如一 管理层。 1)发育不良风险较低的早产儿 当&gt；110千卡/公斤/天时，随机接受含和不含DHA的配方奶粉 来自配方奶粉是可以容忍的。将进行生化和功能随访 至92周，评估血浆和红细胞磷脂脂肪 酸、生育酚和视黄醇的层析技术，视黄醇- 在注册时通过放射免疫扩散结合蛋白，40，48，57，69，79 怀孕后92周；视力(出纳卡)分别为40、48、 57、69、79和92周；再认记忆(Fagan婴儿期认知记忆 功能)69周、79周和92周，以及贝利心理和身体发展 (MDI/PDI)92周。逐步回归将包括生化(n-3 脂肪酸、视黄醇、生育酚、视黄醇结合蛋白)和母体/ 新生儿/围产期变量，如出生体重、孕龄、 入院人数、氧气、呼吸机支持、产妇年龄和孕期。眼科 筛查将确定婴儿是否患有近视、远视、散光、 子宫肌萎缩症或斜视排除双眼检查。2)大豆 磷脂酰胆碱和二十碳五烯酸的还原比例(EPA，20：5N-3) 至DHA的饲喂及其对PMN白细胞组成和 功能研究。 3)出生后立即补充n-3的效果 将对非常小的早产儿进行呼吸功能/生化研究 患有慢性肺部疾病风险最高的婴儿(出生体重1000克) 疾病。他们的n-3状态非常差。有证据表明 多不饱和脂肪酸，特别是鱼油DNA和EPA，可以保护 抗人工呼吸和吸氧所致的肺损伤 行政管理。DHA在静脉注射脂类和配方奶中的应用 在出生后48-72小时内开始。1987年，139名新生儿中有77名 出生时体重小于1000克的(55%^)从UT活着出院， 孟菲斯新生儿中心。

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6N-3) is a major component of neural and retinal membranes. Limited accumulation is associated with learning and visual acuity deficits. DHA is transmitted from mother to the fetus/infant in the last intrauterine trimester and in milk. Premature infants may receive neither form of maternal DHA, have poor DHA stores and limited DHA synthesis from linolenic acid. Nonphysiological declines in RBC DHA occur following early delivery unless DHA is fed (human milk, fish oil). Lipid supplementation studies carried out in the Newborn Center at the University of Tennessee, Memphis will be directed toward assessing the role of specific n-6 and n-3 containing lipids in membrane biochemistry, visual acuity, recognition memory, granulocyte response to stimuli and airway function. In 1987, 195 infants in this birthweight category were discharged live from the unit. A nutrition team assures consistent unit management. 1) Preterm infants at low risk for poor developmental outcomes will be randomized to receive formula with and without DHA when >110 kcal/kg/d from formula is tolerated. Biochemical and functional followup will occur to 92 wks with assessment of plasma and red blood cell phospholipid fatty acids,k tocopherol and retinol by chromatographic techniques, retinol- binding protein by radialimmunodiffusion at enrollment, 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks postconception; visual acuity (Teller acuity cards) at 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks; recognition memory (Fagan infantest for cognitive function) at 69, 79, and 92 wks, and Bayley Mental and Physical Development (MDI/PDI) at 92 wks. Stepwise regression will include biochemical (n-3 fatty acids, retinol, -tocopherol, retinol-binding protein) and maternal/ neonatal/perinatal variables such as birth wt, gestational age, age at enrollment, O2, ventilatory support, maternal age and gravida. Ophthalmic screening will identify infants with myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, aniosometria or strabismus precluding binocular testing. 2) Soybean phosphatidylcholine and reduced ratios of eicosapentaenoate (EPA, 20:5n-3) to DHA will be fed and their effects on PMN leukocyte composition and function studied. 3) The effect of n-3 supplementation immediately after birth on respiratory function/biochemistry will be studied in very small premature infants (<1000 g birth wt) who are at greatest risk for chronic lung disease. Their n-3 status is very poor. Evidence suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially fish oil DNA and EPA, could protect against lung damage induced by artificial ventilation and oxygen administration. DHA administration in intravenous lipid and formula will begin within 48-72 hrs after birth. In 1987, 77 of 139 inborn infants (55%^) weighing less than 1000 g at birth were discharged live from the UT, Memphis, Newborn Center.