OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS AND PREMATURE INFANTS

OMEGA-3 和 OMEGA-6 脂肪酸与早产儿

• 批准号: 2203803
• 负责人: SUSAN E CARLSON
• 金额: $ 12.97万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCI CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-01-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2203803
• 关键词: baby food; behavioral habituation /sensitization; developmental nutrition; dietary supplements; essential fatty acids; human subject; linolenate; marine animal oil; membrane lipids; milk; neural information processing; neutrophil; nutrition related tag; premature infant human; respiratory distress syndrome of newborn; respiratory function; soybeans; visual perception

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6N-3) is a major component of neural and retinal membranes. Limited accumulation is associated with learning and visual acuity deficits. DHA is transmitted from mother to the fetus/infant in the last intrauterine trimester and in milk. Premature infants may receive neither form of maternal DHA, have poor DHA stores and limited DHA synthesis from linolenic acid. Nonphysiological declines in RBC DHA occur following early delivery unless DHA is fed (human milk, fish oil). Lipid supplementation studies carried out in the Newborn Center at the University of Tennessee, Memphis will be directed toward assessing the role of specific n-6 and n-3 containing lipids in membrane biochemistry, visual acuity, recognition memory, granulocyte response to stimuli and airway function. In 1987, 195 infants in this birthweight category were discharged live from the unit. A nutrition team assures consistent unit management. 1) Preterm infants at low risk for poor developmental outcomes will be randomized to receive formula with and without DHA when >110 kcal/kg/d from formula is tolerated. Biochemical and functional followup will occur to 92 wks with assessment of plasma and red blood cell phospholipid fatty acids,k tocopherol and retinol by chromatographic techniques, retinol- binding protein by radialimmunodiffusion at enrollment, 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks postconception; visual acuity (Teller acuity cards) at 40, 48, 57, 69, 79 and 92 wks; recognition memory (Fagan infantest for cognitive function) at 69, 79, and 92 wks, and Bayley Mental and Physical Development (MDI/PDI) at 92 wks. Stepwise regression will include biochemical (n-3 fatty acids, retinol, -tocopherol, retinol-binding protein) and maternal/ neonatal/perinatal variables such as birth wt, gestational age, age at enrollment, O2, ventilatory support, maternal age and gravida. Ophthalmic screening will identify infants with myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, aniosometria or strabismus precluding binocular testing. 2) Soybean phosphatidylcholine and reduced ratios of eicosapentaenoate (EPA, 20:5n-3) to DHA will be fed and their effects on PMN leukocyte composition and function studied. 3) The effect of n-3 supplementation immediately after birth on respiratory function/biochemistry will be studied in very small premature infants (<1000 g birth wt) who are at greatest risk for chronic lung disease. Their n-3 status is very poor. Evidence suggests that polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially fish oil DNA and EPA, could protect against lung damage induced by artificial ventilation and oxygen administration. DHA administration in intravenous lipid and formula will begin within 48-72 hrs after birth. In 1987, 77 of 139 inborn infants (55%^) weighing less than 1000 g at birth were discharged live from the UT, Memphis, Newborn Center.

二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA, 22:6N-3) 是神经和神经系统的主要成分 视网膜膜。 有限的积累与学习和 视力缺陷。 DHA 由母亲传递给胎儿/婴儿 在子宫内最后三个月和牛奶中。 早产儿可能 母体不接受任何形式的 DHA，DHA 储备不足且 DHA 有限 由亚麻酸合成。 红细胞 DHA 发生非生理性下降 早产后，除非喂养 DHA（母乳、鱼油）。 脂质 在大学新生儿中心进行的补充研究 田纳西州孟菲斯市将致力于评估 膜生物化学中含有特定 n-6 和 n-3 的脂质，视觉 敏锐度、识别记忆、粒细胞对刺激和气道的反应 功能。 1987 年，该出生体重类别的 195 名婴儿 现场从单位出院。 营养团队确保单位一致 管理。 1) 发育结果不良的低风险早产儿将 当 >110 kcal/kg/d 时，随机接受含或不含 DHA 的配方奶粉 从公式是可以容忍的。 将进行生化和功能随访 至 92 周，评估血浆和红细胞磷脂脂肪 通过色谱技术测定酸、生育酚和视黄醇，视黄醇- 入组时通过径向免疫扩散结合蛋白，40、48、57、69、79 以及受孕后 92 周；视力（泰勒视力卡）为 40、48、 57、69、79 和 92 周；认知记忆（费根婴儿认知 功能）在 69、79 和 92 周时，以及贝利心理和身体发育 (MDI/PDI) 92 周。 逐步回归将包括生化（n-3 脂肪酸、视黄醇、生育酚、视黄醇结合蛋白）和母体/ 新生儿/围产期变量，例如出生体重、胎龄、出生年龄 入组、氧气、通气支持、产妇年龄和妊娠。 眼科 筛查将识别婴儿是否患有近视、远视、散光、 屈光参差或斜视妨碍双眼检查。 2) 大豆 磷脂酰胆碱和二十碳五烯酸比例降低（EPA，20:5n-3） DHA 的喂养及其对 PMN 白细胞组成和 研究的函数。 3) 出生后立即补充n-3对婴儿的影响 呼吸功能/生物化学将在非常小的早产儿中进行研究 患有慢性肺病的风险最大的婴儿（出生体重<1000克） 疾病。 他们的n-3状态很差。 有证据表明 多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其是鱼油 DNA 和 EPA，可以保护 对抗人工通气和吸氧引起的肺损伤 行政。 静脉注射脂质和配方奶中的 DHA 给药将 出生后 48-72 小时内开始。 1987年，139名出生婴儿中有77名 (55%^) 出生时体重低于 1000 克，从 UT 活体出院， 孟菲斯，新生儿中心。