MOTIVATIONAL EFFECTS ON GRAYS INTERACTION

对灰色群体互动的激励作用

• 批准号: 2240751
• 负责人: Arie W. Kruglanski
• 金额: $ 9.4万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-06-01 至 2000-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2240751
• 关键词: attitude; decision making; human subject; interpersonal relations; judgment; leadership; motivation; personality; social group process; social psychology

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from Applicant's Abstract): The present research plan aims efforts to understand between situational and personality variables affecting the person's need for cognitive closure and majors aspect of group interaction. We already know that several situational variables (time pressure, noise, fatigue, boredom) induce a need for closure, and that this need is reduced by a sense of accountability or the desirability of accurate judgments. We also know that the need for closure represent an enduring dimension of individual differences. We also know that the need for closure affect the way the individual processes information and forms opinions on a variety of topics. The present research sets out to investigate the effects need for closure may have on group interaction. A general thesis to be investigated is whether need for closure may not promote the evolution of a conservative attitude among the group members. More specifically, the following issues of interest will be investigated: I. Whether group members' need for closure induces the preference for authoritarian leadership and non-participative decision-making rules. II. Whether group members' need for closure leads to status-allocation on basis of diffuse social characteristics (e.g. gender). III. Whether group members' need for closure induces a resistance to change (represented e.g. by membership-shifts and variation in group- tasks). IV. Whether group members' need for closure affects intra-group relations, in particular those between a minority and the majority. V. Whether group members' need for closure leads to more positive attitude toward ingroup members and a greater differentiation between them and outgroup members. All the above issues bear on major ways in which individuals function in groups. Understanding those matters may have important health consequences both in terms of improving individuals' adjustment to groups, their ability to optimally function in groups and the ability of groups to optimally contribute to individuals' welfare. Altogether fifteen studies are proposed designed to allow convergent validation of the central theoretical notions through multiple operationalizations of the need for closure.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：目前的研究 计划旨在努力理解情境和个性之间的关系 影响个人认知封闭和专业需求的变量 群体互动的一个方面。 我们已经知道有几种情况 变量（时间压力、噪音、疲劳、无聊）导致需要 关闭，并且这种需要可以通过责任感或 准确判断的愿望。 我们也知道需要 封闭代表了个体差异的持久维度。 我们 也知道关闭的需要会影响个人的方式 处理信息并就各种主题形成意见。 这 目前的研究旨在调查关闭需求可能产生的影响 有小组互动。 要研究的一般论文是 封闭的需要是否不会促进保守派的演变 小组成员之间的态度。更具体地说，有以下问题 感兴趣的将被调查： 一、群体成员的封闭需要是否会导致偏好 独裁领导和非参与性决策规则。 二. 群体成员的封闭需求是否会导致地位分配 基于分散的社会特征（例如性别）。 三．团体成员对封闭的需求是否会引起抵制 变化（例如通过成员资格的转变和群体的变化来表示） 任务）。 四． 群体成员的封闭需求是否影响群体内部 关系，特别是少数人和多数人之间的关系。 五、群体成员的封闭需求是否会带来更积极的影响 对群体内成员的态度以及群体之间更大的差异 他们和外群体成员。 所有上述问题都与个人发挥作用的主要方式有关。 组。 了解这些事情可能对健康有重要意义 后果无论是在改善个人的适应方面 群体，他们在群体中最佳运作的能力以及 群体的最大程度地为个人福利做出贡献。 共 提出了十五项研究，旨在允许收敛验证 通过多种操作化的中心理论概念 关闭的需要。