SOCIAL STRESS AND FUNCTIONING FOLLOWING HURRICANE HUGO

1989年9月21日，飓风雨果成为美国历史上 在本世纪袭击美国东南部的灾难。的 拟议的研究将评估这一重大事件对心理健康的影响。 活动这项研究的重点是自然灾害的社会背景， 测试三个中心假设-（1）灾害对人类社会产生直接的，不利的， 对心理健康的长期影响;（2）这些影响可能是 通过支持交流来抵消，保护自尊， 社会支持;（3）这些影响可能会加剧 同时存在的危机和社会/生态压力。更具体 目的是回答几个问题，增加细节，这些广泛的中心 假设进一步的分析将评估 按年龄和性别定义的亚组的结果。 为了实现其目标，这项研究将利用自然的 发生“实验”雨果离开在其路径。萨凡纳和查尔斯顿（两个 历史悠久的沿海城市（相距100英里）都受到严重威胁， 雨果，但只有查尔斯顿实际上被击中。查尔斯顿和 夏洛特被击中，但只有查尔斯顿有“优势”的优先 警告（威胁）事件。增加第四个“控制”城市， 既没有受到雨果的威胁，也没有受到雨果的打击， “损失”设计将指导样本选择。在每一个城市， 调查会以250名市民为样本， 事件后12、18和24个月。通过研究这些不同的设置， 在不同的时间点，研究将增加我们对 灾难性事件的各种因素如何联合收割机产生长期的 心理困扰 该项目的最终任务是利用这些发现来生成一个模型 为受灾社区提供的干预措施， 各种灾害和紧急救援机构。

On September 21, 1989, Hurricane Hugo became one of the worst natural disasters to strike the southeastern United States in this century. The proposed research would assess the mental health impact of this significant event. Focusing on the social context of natural disaster, the study would test three central hypotheses- (1) that disasters exert a direct, adverse, and long-term effect on mental health; (2) that these effects may be counteracted by support exchanges that protect self-esteem and perceived social support; and (3) that these effects may be exacerbated by the presence of concurrent crises and social/ecological stress. More specific aims are to answer several questions that add detail to these broad central hypotheses. Additional analyses would assess the generalizability of the findings across subgroups defined by age and sex. To accomplish its aims, the study would take advantage of a naturally occurring "experiment" Hugo left in its path. Savannah and Charleston (two historic, coastal cities 100 miles apart) were both seriously threatened by Hugo, but only Charleston was actually struck. Both Charleston and Charlotte were struck, but only Charleston had the "advantage" of prior warning (threat) of the event. The addition of a fourth "control" city that was neither threatened nor stricken by Hugo would yield a 2X2 "threat by loss" design that would guide sample selection. In each city, a general population sample of 250 persons would be interviewed three times at points 12, 18, and 24 months postevent. By studying these different settings at different points in time, the research will increase our understanding of how various elements of a disastrous event combine to produce longterm psychological distress. The project's final task would be to use these findings to generate a model intervention for disaster stricken communities that would be shared with various disaster and emergency relief agencies.