PREDICTING PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT TO ABORTION

查明使妇女“处于危险之中”的因素， 堕胎后的心理痛苦，并促进长期 适应堕胎是重要的心理健康问题。 主要目的 本研究的目的是提出并检验一个理论模型， 在压力和应对框架内进行堕胎。 我们假设 堕胎后立即出现的痛苦程度是两个因素的函数 近端认知评估：堕胎的程度 被评估为对自我的重要方面构成威胁，并认为 应对堕胎的自我效能。 的程度 堕胎被评估为威胁，假设是一个函数， 它与重要的个人目标、态度、 或自我观点和/或重要的社会关系。 自我效能 处理堕胎被假设为是一个功能的感知 个人资源（例如，自尊、乐观）和社会资源 (e.g.,社会支持）。 我们假设痛苦的强度 流产后立即经历，以及流产前 评估威胁和自我效能感的应对，将独立 预测女性为应对自己的问题而采取的具体应对措施， 对堕胎的长期情绪反应 另外我们 假设先前的痛苦水平，应对努力的类型， 被用来管理这种痛苦，以及发生在这些痛苦之间的事件， 流产后（例如，生理并发症，受孕困难 如果需要的话，将决定对堕胎的长期调整。 二次 本研究的目的是：（1）探讨男性伴侣在 人工流产的经验，（2）探讨反人工流产的影响 在诊所就妇女适应堕胎进行纠察，以及（3） 研究在多大程度上感知的个人和社会冲突， 怀孕和为人父母，以及评估的怀孕和为人父母的威胁， Hood是流产后适应的独立预测因子。 一 对600名接受早期妊娠流产的妇女和240名 建议由男性伴侣陪同。 一小时前， 堕胎、个人/社会资源措施、个人/社会 冲突、威胁评估和应对自我效能判断 将获得堕胎。 遇险将被测量为三 时间点：流产后约30-60分钟，三周后 随访和流产后两年。 在后两次 在此期间，还将评估以下内容：积极的福祉，具体 应对的努力，已被用来处理情绪反应， 堕胎，这些努力的有效性，以及干预 事件 男性伴侣的反应，以及纠察队的客观评分， 将在堕胎当天在诊所获得。

The identification of factors that place women "at risk" for the experience of post-abortion psychological distress and that promote long-term adjustment to abortion are important mental health issues. The primary aim of this research is to propose and test a theoretical model of adjustment to abortion within a stress and coping framework. We hypothesize that level of distress immediately following abortion is a function of two proximal cognitive appraisals: the extent to which the abortion is appraised as threatening to important aspects of self, and perceived self-efficacy for coping with the abortion. The extent to which the abortion is appraised as threatening is hypothesized to be a function of the extent to which it conflicts with important personal goals, attitudes or self-views, and/or important social relationships. Self-efficacy for coping with the abortion is hypothesized to be a function of perceived personal resources (e.g., self-esteem, optimism) and social resources (e.g., social support). We hypothesize that the intensity of distress experienced immediately subsequent to the abortion, as well as pre-abortion appraisals of threat and self-efficacy for coping, will independently predict the specific coping efforts that women employ to deal with their longer-term emotional reactions to the abortion. In addition, we hypothesize that prior levels of distress, the types of coping efforts that are employed to manage this distress, and intervening events that occur after the abortion (e.g., physical complications, difficulty in conceiving when desired) will determine long-term adjustment to abortion. Secondary aims of this research are: (1) to explore the role of the male partner in the abortion experience, (2) to explore the impact of anti-abortion picketing at the clinic on women's adjustment to abortion, and (3) to examine the extent to which perceived personal and social conflicts about pregnancy and parenthood, and the appraised threat of pregnancy and parent- hood, are independent predictors of post-abortion adjustment. A longitudinal study of 600 women undergoing first-trimester abortion and 240 male partners who accompany them is proposed. Within one hour prior to having an abortion, measures of personal/social resources, personal/social conflict, appraisals of threat, and judgments of self-efficacy for coping with the abortion will be obtained. Distress will be measured at three time points: approximately 30-60 min post-abortion, at a three-week follow-up visit, and at two years post-abortion. At the latter two time periods the following will also be assessed: positive well-being, specific coping efforts that have been employed to deal with emotional reactions to the abortion, the perceived effectiveness of those efforts, and intervening events. Responses of male partners, and objective ratings of picketing, will be obtained at the clinic on the day of the abortion.