Effect-Perceived Discrimination-Mental & Physical Health

效果感知歧视心理

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    7037945
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2006-04-01 至 2011-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This research examines the impact of chronic and acute perceptions of discrimination on psychological and physiological stress responses. Perceived discrimination is widely assumed to negatively affect both mental and physical health, but research directly addressing this issue is scarce. Drawing on models of stress and emotion, it is hypothesized that perceiving others to be prejudiced against the self is stressful, and initiates a cascade of negative self-and other-related cognitions and emotions that in turn, initiate general physiological stress responses (e.g., blood pressure reactivity, elevated cortisol) as well as more specific stress responses associated with threat (e.g., vascular resistance) or anger (e.g., cardiac output). These physiological responses have adverse health implications if repeatedly experienced over time (McEwen, 2000). It is also predicted that resilience as well as vulnerability can occur in response to perceived discrimination. 10 experimental designs (with three replications) are proposed to assess the interrelationships among cognitive, affective, and biological (hormonal and cardiovascular) responses to acute discrimination-relevant events among Latino-Americans, African-Americans, and women. Experiment 1 tests the hypothesis that chronic or situationally induced expectations of prejudice lead to increased physiological stress responses and greater threat in evaluatively ambiguous intergroup situations. Experiments 2-4 test the independent effects of exposure to negative social feedback and expectations of discrimination on anger and threat-related stress responses. Experiments 5 - 6 examine the physiological effects of clear rejection or selection based on social identity. Experiments 7-8 examine how a stigmatized target's situationally activated or chronically held prejudice expectations interact with the prejudice level of a nonstigmatized partner to influence stress responses in naturally occurring dyadic social interactions. Experiments 9-10 test the hypothesis that dispositional optimism and manipulated optimism increase resilience among individuals who are exposed to prejudice. All experiments assume that physiological reactions to potentially discriminatory situations are shaped by features of the situation and of the person, and test the hypothesis that negative cognitions and affective responses mediate physiological responses to discrimination-relevant stressors.
描述(由申请人提供):本研究探讨慢性和急性歧视感知对心理和生理应激反应的影响。人们普遍认为,感知到的歧视会对身心健康产生负面影响,但直接解决这一问题的研究很少。根据压力和情绪模型,假设感知到他人对自己有偏见是有压力的,并引发一系列负面的自我和他人相关的认知和情绪,进而引发一般的生理应激反应(例如,血压反应,皮质醇升高)以及与威胁(例如,血管阻力)或愤怒(例如,心输出量)相关的更具体的应激反应。如果长期反复经历这些生理反应,就会对健康产生不利影响(McEwen, 2000)。还预测,在对感知到的歧视作出反应时,复原力和脆弱性都可能发生。提出了10个实验设计(3个重复)来评估拉丁美洲人、非洲裔美国人和女性对急性歧视相关事件的认知、情感和生物(激素和心血管)反应之间的相互关系。实验1验证了长期或情境诱导的偏见预期导致在评估性模糊的群体间情境中生理应激反应增加和威胁增加的假设。实验2-4测试了暴露于负面社会反馈和歧视预期对愤怒和威胁相关应激反应的独立影响。实验5 - 6检验基于社会身份的明确拒绝或选择的生理影响。实验7-8考察了被污名化目标的情境激活或长期持有的偏见期望如何与非污名化伙伴的偏见水平相互作用,从而影响自然发生的二元社会互动中的应激反应。实验9-10验证了一种假设,即性格乐观和操纵乐观会增加受到偏见影响的个体的复原力。所有实验都假设,对潜在歧视情境的生理反应是由情境和个人的特征决定的,并验证了消极认知和情感反应调节对歧视相关压力源的生理反应的假设。

项目成果

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Brenda N Major其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Brenda N Major', 18)}}的其他基金

Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Effects of Weight Stigma
体重耻辱的心理、生理和行为影响
  • 批准号:
    8440144
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Effects of Weight Stigma
体重耻辱的心理、生理和行为影响
  • 批准号:
    8791126
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Effects of Weight Stigma
体重耻辱的心理、生理和行为影响
  • 批准号:
    8912580
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Effects of Weight Stigma
体重耻辱的心理、生理和行为影响
  • 批准号:
    8909332
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7816318
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7172652
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7795793
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7588071
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7752998
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:
The Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Mental and Physical Health
感知歧视对身心健康的影响
  • 批准号:
    7856117
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 48.93万
  • 项目类别:

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