MOTOR AND COMPLEX FUNCTIONS OF BASAL GANGLIA AND CORTEX

这项提案涉及的主要问题是：1)电机是否 在基底节-丘脑皮质‘运动回路’内的处理是 在神经元水平上，以串联或并行为主的方式组织 时尚；2)是否有系统性的转变，在连续的 电路的各个阶段，在变量的神经表示中 牵涉到运动加工的不同功能“水平”。这个 拟议的研究旨在确定a)是否相同的类别 的信息(即，相同的电机变量)在不同的 “运动回路”的各个阶段(皮质、纹状体、苍白球、丘脑)；b) 这一比例是否有系统性的变化 由神经元在电路的连续阶段改变的给定运动；以及 C)在经济和社会发展的连续阶段是否有系统性的转变 电路，在回归斜率中关联变量特定的变化 在所代表的变量中，神经元放电率与分级有关。这个 该项目的具体目标如下：[1]确定是否， 在视觉引导的肢体运动的计划和执行期间， 电机处理的多个‘水平’由并行表示 中枢前运动区内的神经元活动 对‘马达电路’做出贡献。脑内单个神经元的活动 SMA、MC和APA将被记录在执行以下任务的猴子身上 它们进行伸展运动以在二维中定位光标 太空。这些任务涉及以下两个方面的准备和执行： 马达加工，还会将相关变量分解为不同 加工“水平”，即目标水平变量、轨迹/运动学 变量和动态/肌肉相关变量。来自三个领域的数据 然后根据分类和回归的结果进行比较 分析。[2]确定在规划和执行过程中 视觉引导的肢体运动，运动处理的多个“水平” 以纹状体阶段的神经元活动为代表 ‘马达电路’。与任务相关的单个单位活动将从 执行同样任务的猴子的壳核的臂部区域 在具体目标1中。在接受相同的一套分析后， 数据将与具体目标1中获得的数据进行比较。 确定在规划和执行视觉指导的过程中 肢体运动，运动处理的多个‘水平’在 与‘运动回路’苍白球阶段的神经元活动平行。 与任务相关的单个单元活动将从的ARM区域采样 在执行特定目标1和2中使用的相同任务的猴子中的GPI。 这些数据将与在具体目标2中获得的数据进行比较 采用与壳核和皮质数据相同的方式进行比较。[4]至 确定在规划和执行视觉指导的过程中 肢体运动，运动处理的多个‘水平’在 与‘运动回路’的丘脑阶段的神经元活动平行。 与任务相关的单个单位活动将从以下区域进行抽样 在执行与特定目标1-3中使用的相同任务的猴子中的VLO。这些 数据将接受上述相同的分析，并进行比较 A)来自特定目标1的SMA数据，以及b)来自 具体目标3.

The principal issues addressed in this proposal are: 1) whether motor processing within the basal ganglia-thalamocortical `motor circuit' is organized, at the neuronal level, in a predominantly serial or parallel fashion; and 2) whether there are systematic transformations, at successive stages of the circuit, in the neural representations of variables that have been implicated in different functional `levels' of motor processing. The proposed studies are designed to determine a) whether the same categories of information (i.e., the same motor variables) are proposed at different stages (cortical, striatal, pallidal, thalamic) of the `motor circuit'; b) whether there are systematic changes in the proportionate representation of a given motor variable by neurons at successive stages of the circuit; and c) whether there are systematic shifts, at successive stages of the circuit, in the regression slopes relating variable-specific changes in neuronal discharge rates to gradations in the represented variables. The Specific Aims for the project are as follows: [1] To determine whether, during the planning and execution of visually guided limb movements, multiple `levels' of motor processing are represented in parallel by neuronal activity within each of the precentral motor fields that contribute to the `motor circuit'. The activity of individual neurons in SMA, MC and APA will be recorded in monkeys performing tasks that require them to make reaching movements to position a cursor in two-dimensional space. The tasks involve both the preparation and execution `modes' of motor processing, and will also dissociate variables relevant to different `levels' of processing viz, target level variables, trajectory/kinematic variables, and dynamic/muscle-related variables. Data from the three areas will then be compared, based on results of both categorical and regression analyses. [2] To determine whether, during the planning and execution of visually guided limb movements, multiple `levels' of motor processing are represented in parallel by neuronal activity at the striatal stage of the `motor circuit'. Task-related single unit activity will be sampled from the arm region of the putamen in monkeys performing the same tasks employed in Specific Aim 1. After being subjected to the same set of analyses, the data will be compared with those obtained in Specific Aim 1. [3] To determine whether, during the planning and execution of visually guided limb movements, multiple `levels' of motor processing are represented in parallel by neuronal activity at the pallidal stage of the `motor circuit'. Task-related single unit activity will be sampled from the arm region of GPi in monkeys performing the same tasks used in Specific Aims 1 and 2. These data will be compared with those obtained in Specific Aim 2, in the same manner as the putamen and cortical data are to be compared. [4] To determine whether, during the planning and execution of visually guided limb movements, multiple `levels' of motor processing are represented in parallel by neuronal activity at the thalamic stage of the `motor circuit'. Task-related single unit activity will be sampled from the are region of VLo in monkeys performing the same tasks used in Specific Aims 1-3. These data will be subjected to the same analyses outlined above, and compared with both a) the SMA data from Specific Aim 1, and b) the GPi data from Specific Aim 3.